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Ceratocystis wilt of cacao (caused byCeratocystis cacaofunesta) is a dangerous disease and results in the death of the plant. This fungus was recently identified in the major cacao-producing regions of Brazil, and was observed to be more aggressive than isolates from other geographical locations. The objective of this study was to develop and test a consistent method to assess cacao genotype response to C. cacaofunesta, based on young plants (seedlings or cuttings). The fungus was inoculated by the deposition of propagule suspensions on cut stems. The parameters to assess disease progress were (a) disease incidence, (b) differences in mortality between the most contrasting cacao genotypes for resistance and susceptibility, (c) disease index, (d) consistency of response over time and (e) relative lesion heights. When seedlings were used for the analyses, the ICS-1 and TSH-1188 genotypes proved to be useful as genetic standards for susceptibility and resistance to C. cacaofunesta, respectively. Inoculum concentrations between 10 4 and 10 5 propagules ml −1 and the moment at which the disease incidence stabilized provided appropriate conditions for genotypic comparison. When ten cacao genotypes propagated by cuttings (clones) were assessed, the results confirmed TSH-1188 as the reference genotype for Eur J Plant Pathol (2008) 122:517-528

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RESUMOMudas de progênies de polinização livre de 20 clones de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) foram inoculadas com o fungo Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, agente causal da murcha-de-Ceratocystis, e a resposta avaliada pelo percentual de plantas mortas. Progênies de polinização aberta dos clones TSH1188 e VB1151 foram usadas como padrões de resistência, e de CCN51 e SJ02 como suscetíveis. Foram estimados contrastes entre estes referenciais e as progênies em estudo, e avaliados pelo teste t de Dunnett (α = 0,05). As progênies apresentaram diferentes respostas a C. cacaofunesta sendo possível classificá-las em três grupos: resistente (FCB01, CSG70, BOBA01, VB902, TSH1188, VB1151, PS1319 e MAC01), moderadamente suscetível (HW25, PM02, FA13, PH15, M05 e BJ11) e suscetível (CCN51, FB206, PH16, SJ02, CCN10 e FSU77). Palavras-chave: Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, Theobroma cacao, melhoramento genético, seleção, teste t de Dunnett. ABSTRACT Resistance of progenies of cacao to Ceratocystis wiltSeedlings from open-pollinated progenies of 20 clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) were inoculated with the fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, the causal agent of Ceratocystis wilt, and their response was assessed based on the percentage of dead plants. Open pollinated progeny of clones TSH1188 and VB1151 were used as standards for resistance, while CCN51 and SJ02 for susceptibility. Contrasts between these benchmarks and the progenies studied were estimated and evaluated by Dunnett's t test (α = 0.05). The progenies showed different responses to C. cacaofunesta, and it was possible to classify them into three groups: resistant (FCB01, CSG70, BOBA01, VB902, TSH1188, VB1151, PS1319 and MAC01), moderately susceptible (HW25, PM02, FA13, PH15, M05 and BJ11) and susceptible (CCN51, FB206, PH16, SJ02, CCN10 and FSU77).

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