RESUMO:A caracterização do clima de um determinado local é um aspecto importante para vários setores da economia como, por exemplo, na prática agrícola. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo é apresentar alguns dos principais aspectos climáticos do estado de Minas Gerais (MG): precipitação, temperaturas mínima, média e máxima, intensidade e direção dos ventos a 10 metros de altura, classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger e índice de aridez. Para isso, se utilizaram dados de diferentes fontes. Entre os resultados têm-se que os maiores totais anuais de precipitação ocorrem no sul do estado; as temperaturas são influenciadas tanto pela latitude quanto pela topografia, com o setor sul de MG apresentando médias anuais de cerca de 20ºC e o norte de 26ºC; os ventos em escala sinótica são de direção nordeste a maior parte do ano; o clima Aw é dominante em MG, de acordo com a classificação de Köppen-Geiger; e, em relação ao índice de aridez, MG tem condições úmidas em toda sua área no verão e, predominantemente, áridas no inverno. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: clima, temperatura do ar, precipitação, ventos, classificação climática, índice de aridez, Minas Gerais CLIMATE ASPECTS IN MINAS GERAIS STATE ABSTRACT: The characterization of local climate is an important aspect for various sectors in economy, such as in agricultural practice. Thereby, the aim of this study is to present some major climatic aspects of Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil: precipitation; minimum, mean and maximum air temperatures; winds intensity and direction at 10 meters height; Köppen-Geiger climate classification; and aridity index. For this, data of different sources were used. Among the results obtained are that the largest total annual precipitation occur in the south of state; the temperatures are influenced both by latitude as topography, with the southern sector showing annual means of about 20°C and 26°C in the northern sector; the winds at synoptic scale are of northeast direction most of the year; the Aw climate dominates MG, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification; and, in relation to the aridity index, MG has humid conditions in the whole area of the state in the summer and, predominantly, arid conditions in winter.
Background: Most occupational diseases do not fit the paradigm of medical interpretation of the health-disease process based on linear causality, in which it would be possible to find a single cause for each type of disease. Objectives: to conduct a systematic review in order to investigate the association between wholebody vibration (WBV) and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in professional truck drivers (PTD). Methods: The scientific databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo were used to collect articles published from 2000 until the present time. Two independent reviewers adopted inclusion and quality criteria to evaluate the selected articles. Results: From adopted inclusion and quality criteria, nine articles were chosen to identify the association between MSD and WBV in PTD. The results showed that MSD seems to be closely associated to exposure to WBV in these workers, mainly due to high prevalence and symptoms of low back pain. Two cohort studies showed exposure to WBV as risk for MSD. Only one, with case-control design, did not show WBV as a
acreditar, estimular e pelo imenso apoio. Aos professores ANTONIO REGGIANI e 10LE PINTO pela solidariedade manifesta no esforço para contribuir para a realização da avaliação de exposição à vibração e ao Prof. MASSIMO BOVENZI pelo gentil auxílio, com valiosas sugestões, na análise de regressão. A Prof.a. Dra. MARIA REGINA ALVES CARDOSO por indicar rumos seguros na análise de regressão. Às fonoaudiólogas CAROLINA MOURA DE SOUZA, DEOllNDA DO CARMO DE JESUS, ELLEN REGINA SOLA, PAULA ASCENCIO FERRAZ, SIMONE ALVES DOS SANTOS por conduzirem com segurança e profissionalismo as avaliações audiológicas e, em especial, à MÁRCIA TIVERON DE SOUZA. Aos promotores de justiça JORGE LUIZ USSIER e CARLOS ALBERTO SALLES pelo sustentáculo para a execução do trabalho. Ao CEREST-SP, representado pela coordenadora MARIA MAENO, pela cessão de sua estrutura para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. À minha esposa ANA e à minha filha BEATRICE pela tolerância e compreensão. À colega TERESA CRISTINA MACHADO pelos comentários e sugestões pertinentes. ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO SUMMARV SILVA LF Estudo sobre a exposição combinada entre ruído e vibração de corpo inteiro e os efeitos na audição de trabalhadores. [Study on combined exposure to noise and whole-body vibration and its effects on workers' hearing]. São Paulo; 2001. [Tese de Doutorado -Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP].Objectives. The purposes of this study, a cross-sectional one, were defined as a quantitative assessment of occupational exposure to noise and wholebody vibration (WBV); an analysis on the possibility of an association between these two hazards in the production of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL); and, a discussion on feasible means of prevention.Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 141 bus drivers of the City of São Paulo. The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was established through an audiometric examination of ali workers. The audiograms were classified according to audiometric criteria formulated by Merluzzi and cols. (1979). The whole group of bus drivers was classified and stratified internally in subi;1roups of "exposed" and "controls", according to the cumulated length of working time as bus driver. A questionnaire was designed and applied in order to retrieve the occupational history and other relevant information. The methodology for noise exposure evaluation was based on the procedures established in the international standard ISO 1999ISO (1990, as well as in the European Economic Community (EEC) Directive (1986). The methodology for whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure evaluation was based on the principies established in the international standard ISO 2631 (1985). The association between the dependent variable and the set of explanatory variables was analyzed through the technique of non-conditional multivariable logistic regression.Outcomes. It was found that these bus drivers were exposed to noise leveis of 83.6 ± 1.9 dB(A) (week average) in buses with front engines; bus drivers that work in buses with rear engine...
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