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Our objective was to investigate Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant or probiotic on in vitro ruminal measurements of low dry-matter whole-crop maize silage. In vitro gas production was conducted using untreated (without inoculant) and inoculated (treated with L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 at 1 9 10 5 cfu g À1 of fresh forage) maize silages (wet-ground) incubated with three different ruminal inocula, in a 2 9 3 factorial arrangement. Ruminal fluids were collected from wethers consuming (i) untreated maize silage (RF-U); (ii) inoculated maize silage (RF-I); and (iii) untreated maize silage with a daily dose of L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 administered directly into the rumen (1 9 10 7 cfu g À1 of supplied silage [LB-probiotic]). Gas production was consistently higher when inoculated silage was used as the substrate of fermentation, compared to the untreated silage. When untreated silage was used as substrate, the total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher using RF-I and LBprobiotic inocula, compared to the RF-U inoculum, at 9 hr and at 48 hr of fermentation. It is concluded that L. buchneri should be used as a silage inoculant rather than as a probiotic because it alters fermentation within the silo thereby improving silage quality and enabling some benefits for ruminal fermentation.

Lactobacillus buchneri was investigated as a silage inoculant and as a probiotic on feed intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal fermentation and microbiology in wethers fed low‐dry‐matter (DM) whole‐crop maize silage. Maize forage (279 g/kg DM) was ensiled without inoculant (untreated) and with L. buchneri CNCM I‐4323 at 1 × 105 cfu/g fresh forage (inoculated). Six cannulated wethers were arranged in a double 3 × 3 Latin square and assigned to one of three diets: (i) untreated maize silage (untreated), (ii) inoculated maize silage (inoculated), and (iii) untreated maize silage with a daily dose of L. buchneri (1 × 107 cfu/g supplied silage) injected directly into the rumen (LB‐probiotic). Wethers fed the inoculated diet had a higher (p = .050) DM intake (1.30% body weight [BW]) than wethers fed untreated and LB‐probiotic diets (1.17% and 1.18% BW respectively). The relative proportion of Ruminococcus flavefaciens (proportion of total estimated rumen bacterial 16S rDNA) in the rumen of wethers fed inoculated and LB‐probiotic diets (both 0.42%) tended (p = .098) to be lower than in the untreated diet (0.83%). Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage inoculant or as a probiotic had little effect on the variables measured in wethers.

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RESUMO:Visando a suprir a lacuna do conhecimento existente sobre a estimação precisa do potencial de produção madeireira de sistemas de restauração florestal, com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se modelar as relações alométricas (hipsométricas e volumétricas) de nove espécies comuns a modelos alternativos de restauração da floresta estacional semidecidual. Os modelos se ajustaram bem aos dados coletados e a análise de resíduos indicou distribuição satisfatória, tanto para os modelos hipsométricos como volumétricos. O modelo hipsométricos de Stoeffels e o modelo volumétrico de Schumacher-Hall foram os mais flexíveis, ajustando melhor para várias espécies. Essas equações obtidas serão usadas em futuros estudos de manejo e conservação de áreas em restauração. TREE ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS IN MIXED FOREST PLANTATIONS FOR THE RESTORATION OF SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FORESTABSTRACT: Aiming to overcome the lack of knowledge about precise estimation of wood production potential of forest restoration systems, the objective of this study is modeling allometric relationships of nine tree species in alternative models of seasonal semideciduous forest restoration. The models fitted well to the data with satisfactory distribution of the residuals. The height-diameter relationship was best modeled by the Stoeffles model and the volume equations had the best fit with the Schumacher-Hall model, for many species. The equations obtained will be used in future studies of management and conservation of these plantations.