In order to determine whether the Morisky 8-item medication adherence (MMAS-8) is a useful instrument in elderly hypertensive patients attending a primary care center, we conducted a field study with a quantitative approach of evaluation of diagnostic tests in elderly hypertensive patients from the Cardiovascular Health Program Health in Cabrero, Chile. The results of the scale were compared with the blood pressure and the pill-count method. The diagnostic evaluation of the scale using the reference methods of blood pressure and pill count resulted: Sensitivity: 86%, 85%; specificity: 56%, 58%; positive predictive value: 60%, 65%; negative predictive value: 84%. 81%. In conclusion, the scale allows to detect in a simple way, and at a low cost, to people who are not adherent to their regimen of drug treatment.
Objetivo: evaluar las actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de enfermeras/os de la región Bío Bío, de Chile, y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia sobre estas. Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional y predictivo en 308 enfermeras/os que trabajaban en cuidados paliativos en centros de salud públicos. Se utilizaron las escalas de Actitudes hacia el cuidado al final de la vida de Frommelt, Inteligencia emocional, Actitudes hacia la muerte, Trabajo emocional y variables bio-sociodemográficas de experiencia y formación profesional. Resultados: la actitud hacia el cuidado al final de la vida mostró una tendencia favorable, presentando una asociación directa y estadísticamente significativa con: edad, experiencia laboral, mayor vínculo en tiempo y número pacientes terminales atendidos, y con la comprensión y regulación emocional. También se presentó una mayor actitud en el sexo femenino. La preferencia por trabajar en cuidados paliativos y ser formador en el área influyeron favorablemente en la actitud; al contrario, el miedo a la muerte y el trabajo emocional fingido influyeron negativamente la actitud. Conclusiones: se requiere formación profesional que aporte al modelo empírico, oriente la educación de actitudes hacia la muerte y que ayude al afrontamiento emocional y actitudinal hacia el cuidado al final de la vida.
Objective: To perform validation and reliability analysis of the Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale in Chilean adolescents. Method:It was performed in 199 adolescents. Validation of content was done by expert review. The reliability and construct validity were explored by means of exploratory factorial analysis (AFE) and confirmatory factorial analysis (AFC). Results: Some terms of the scale were culturally adapted. Cronbach's alpha reliability of the 24-item scale was 0.88. The items 6, 11and 20 presented low reliability and correlation with the scale (<0.4). The AFE suggested a factorial solution of five factors and one factor per graph of sedimentation. The structural equations of the possible models resulted in values of adjustment indices, close to satisfactory.Conclusions and Implications for Practice: By considering the combination of objective criteria, those based on theory and on the interpretability of factor solutions, the optimal solution is that of a factor with 21 items. The scale presents items adapted culturally, it is proposed to incorporate a greater specificity of self-care behaviors typical of adolescents. New research evaluating interventions to improve self-care capacity in adolescents could use the new version of the ASA scale with better psychometric properties. resumo Objetivo: Realizar validação e análise de confiabilidade da Escala de Classificação da Agência de Autocuidado em adolescentes chilenos. Método: Aplicado a 199 adolescentes. Validação de conteúdo foi feita por revisão de especialistas. Confiabilidade e validade de construto foram exploradas por meio de análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC). Resultados: Alguns termos da escala foram culturalmente adaptados. A confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach da escala de 24 itens foi de 0,88. Os itens 6, 11, 20 apresentaram baixa confiabilidade e correlação com a escala (<0,4). O AFE sugeriu numa solução fatorial de cinco fatores e um fator por gráfico de sedimentação. As equações estruturais dos modelos possíveis resultaram com valores de índices de ajuste, próximos do satisfatório. Conclusões e Implicações para a Prática: Considerando a combinação de critérios objetivos, aqueles baseados na teoria e na interpretabilidade das soluções fatoriais, a solução ótima é a de um fator com 21 itens. A escala apresenta itens culturalmente adaptados, propõe-se incorporar comportamentos de autocuidado mais específicos típicos de adolescentes. Novas pesquisas avaliando intervenções voltadas para melhorar a capacidade de autocuidado em adolescentes poderiam utilizar a nova versão da escala ASA com melhores propriedades psicométricas. Palavras-chave: Estudos de Validação; Autocuidado; Adolescente.resumen Objetivo: Realizar validación y análisis de confiabilidad de la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado en adolescentes chilenos. Método: Fue realizado en una muestra 199 adolescentes. La validación de contenido se hizo por revisión de expertos.Se exploró la confiabilidad y la validez de constructo por medio de aná...
Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in self-curing acrylic resin against Streptococcus mutans. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) in self-curing acrylic resin, have antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans, one of the microorganisms involved in the development of caries. Selfcured acrylic resin samples were prepared by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles at different concentrations based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Antibacterial activity against a biofilm was evaluated in samples that were aged in artificial saliva for different times using spectral confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Kruskal-Wallis test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc. ®, Chicago, IL, United States) were used, establishing the value of p <0.05 for statistical significance. The volume of the total biomass that formed in the samples aged for one day was significantly lower than the volume of the total biomass that was formed in those aged for additional days (p <0.001). Electron microscopy analysis revealed high porosity surfaces in all samples. Bacterial clusters were located next to large pores and irregular surfaces, while smooth surfaces had defined and linear organization cocci or simple chains. Considering the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles added to self-curing acrylic (ALIKE) is effective, mainly in fresh 1-day samples, independent of their concentration, and in samples with 16 MIC aged for 14 days, indicating it does not lose its antibacterial activity despite setting for more days. In addition, the ZnO nanoparticles added to ALIKE have the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilms, although they do not minimize the number of viable bacteria.
Objetivo: Evaluar si existe relación entre autocuidado y alfabetización en salud con control glicémico e identificar sus principales predictores en personas con diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en un Centro de Salud Familiar de Concepción, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 175 personas, quienes dieron respuesta a un instrumento compuesto por: Datos biosociodemográficos, Resumen de Actividades de Autocuidado en Diabetes y Evaluación breve de la alfabetización de salud para adultos hispanohablantes, además glicemia preprandial y HbA1c para verificar control glicémico. Resultados: Los participantes fueron en su mayoría mujeres (70,3%); edad promedio 65,1 años; años de escolaridad promedio 9,3 años; con pareja el 61,7%; pensionados el 45,7%; ingreso económico per cápita $147.300 aproximadamente; tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico, 11 años, aproximadamente; utilizando antiglicémicos orales el 63,4% y no fumadores un 88,6%. Tres áreas de autocuidado clasificaron como inadecuadas: alimentación, actividad física y automonitorización de glicemia; 20% con inadecuada alfabetización en salud, existiendo diferencia en el nivel educacional, ingreso económico y tipo de terapia farmacológica; 65,8% con control glicémico inadecuado. Conclusiones: No se obtuvo relación entre autocuidado y alfabetización en salud con control glicémico. Se identificó como principal predictor del control glicémico el tipo de terapia farmacológica. Se evidenció un autocuidado inadecuado y un bajo porcentaje de compensación, lo que lleva a reflexionar sobre el quehacer como equipo de salud en la atención primaria, debiendo movilizar los esfuerzos a favor del modelo integral para mantener una población compensada y libre de complicaciones.
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