Políticas de responsabilización por desempeño escolar: Un debate a partir de la literatura internacional y el caso chileno * School accountability policies: A debate based on international literature and the Chilean situation Responsabilidade política para o desempenho escolar: Uma discussão da literatura internacional e o caso chileno

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RESUMEN -Accountabilty y Mejoramiento Educativo: análisis de experiencias internacionales.Este artículo analiza diferentes formas en que el mecanismo de accountability ha sido incorporado en las políticas educacionales de un grupo de países, como estrategia para el mejoramiento educativo. Para cada caso de estudio, se realizó un análisis del diseño, nivel de presencia de este mecanismo y su uso para promover mejoramiento. El análisis comparado mostró que solo algunos casos cuentan con tipologías puras de accountability. El resto, ha incorporado otras estrategias y principios educativos en sus diseños de políticas, o retrocedió en la centralidad que había entregado accountability como apuesta para favorecer el mejoramiento educativo. Palabras clave: Accountabilty Educacional. Mejoramiento Educativo. Educación Comparada. Política de la Educación.ABSTRACT -Accountability and Educational Improvement: analysis of international experiences. This article discusses various ways in which accountability mechanism has been incorporated into the educational policies of a group of countries as a strategy for educational improvement. A study on the design and the level of presence of this mechanism as a strategy that seeks to promote educational improvement was made. The comparative analysis of the cases showed that only some of them have pure types of educational accountability. The remaining cases have incorporated other strategies and educational principles into their policies or reversed on the centrality that was given to accountability, as strategy to promote educational improvement.

The mesentery is a frequent site for abdominal diseases, since it constitutes the intestinal scaffolding and pathway for many structures. Nowadays, computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating mesenteric masses and their origin. An isolated mesenteric mass (primary) is an unexpected and rare tomographic finding in the context of patients with nonspecific clinical signs. The identification of a primary mesenteric mass requires an effort to exclude the possibility of being a secondary source. Thus, knowledge of the spectrum of mesenteric disease (neoplastic, infectious, inflammatory, vascular, traumatic, congenital) and its computed tomographic appearance is the key for proper diagnosis and treatment.

This work is intended to propel forward the current discussion regarding the contribution of the educational accountability mechanism to the development of school improvement processes. A literature review of a set of implementation studies of educational policies that incorporate educational accountability was conducted to discover what elements of this mechanism help or hinder educational improvement in the specifi c contexts in which they are applied. A discussion of the results of this review and projections for Latin America are presented at the end of the paper.