Background/Aim: Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat solid tumors; however, its severe side effects remain a limitation. In particular, the high incidence of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity has attracted interest. Melatonin has been shown to decrease the toxic effects of cisplatin due to its antioxidant activity, and could increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin against ototoxicity in rats treated with cisplatin. Materials and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups (saline, melatonin, cisplatin+saline, and melatonin+cisplatin). Distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements were carried out on days 1 and 8. Results: There was a decrease in DPOAE amplitudes in the animals that received cisplatin (10 mg/kg); however, the group treated with cisplatin+melatonin presented DPOAE amplitudes comparable to those of the control groups. Conclusion: Melatonin can be used as an adjuvant tumor treatment due to its ability to decrease cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.Cancer is currently a leading cause of death in both economically developed and less developed countries (1). Moreover, the global trend toward a shift in lifestyle habits that are known to increase the risk of cancer in less economically developed countries, comprising 82% of the world's population, is expected to lead to an increase in the number of new cancer cases in the next few years along with population growth and aging (1).Cancer chemotherapy was introduced in the 1940s when nitrogen mustard was first used in clinical practice. In 1969, Rosenberg et al. (2) first demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, and a new class of antitumor agents emerged (2). Although additional platinum analogues are clinically applied, cisplatin is still considered the most useful of these agents based on its versatility, long research history, and supportive literature (3). Indeed, cisplatin remains a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat solid tumors, including tumors of the ovary, testis, bladder, lung, and head and neck (4-6). In particular, cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for pediatric cancer patients, with an average cure rate of 85% (7, 8).The mechanism of cisplatin's antitumor activity essentially involves the binding of the drug to DNA and non-DNA targets. The damage induced by the binding of cisplatin to DNA inhibits DNA replication mechanisms, leading to cell death through apoptosis and necrosis of tumor cells (9).In clinical practice, the dose of cisplatin may be limited owing to its toxic side-effects such as nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity, often leading to a worse prognosis. Moreover, cancer patients, especially children, have a higher incidence of development of secondary tumors after cisplatin-based treatments, particularly in the proliferative organs. This is due to the genotoxic effects of the drug, which can affect all types of cell...
IntroductionAge-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a consequence of aging of the auditory system. The best known mechanism of cell death in ARHL is apoptosis due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. In this context, it is hypothesized that melatonin, owing to its high antioxidant potential and its action in the mitochondria, helps prevent or delay outer hair cell dysfunction (HCD). AimsTo evaluate the effect of melatonin on the prevention of HCD dysfunction in the ARHL process in a susceptible murine C57BL/6J model. MethodC57BL/6J animals were divided into two groups: control (CG) and melatonin (MG). The CG received a saline and ethanol solution and the MG, melatonin (10 mg/kg/day). The solutions were offered daily (50 μl) orally over a 10-month period. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) measurements were conducted once a month. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Serra LSM, Araújo JGd, Vieira ALS, Silva EMd, Andrade RRd, Kückelhaus SAS, et al. (2020) Role of melatonin in prevention of age-related hearing loss. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228943. https://
Past five years of age, the main complaint of children who are hard of hearing is that they have difficulty in learning. Aim: Compare these results to suspected hearing loss, through triage with the exams of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) transients (TEOAE) and by distortion product (DPEOAE), using data from audiometric exams; observe which of the procedures of EOAE better respond to school children triage. Materials and methods: To evaluate 451 school children, grade one students, from the public schools in São Luís. At school, otoscopic exams with the removal of wax and the TEOAE and DPEOAE exams were also carried on all school children. Audiometry and acoustic impedance were performed on the children who presented alterations at any point during the TEOAE and/or DPEOAE exams. Study Design: Transversal-Prospective. Results: 18.6% had ear wax. As for the TEOAE and DPEOAE triage, no significant statistic difference was found when comparing the results of the exams which failed only in the TEOAE and DOEOAE with audiometric exam data, nonetheless, when comparing this failure data to both of these exams there was a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both EOAE procedures responded well to the hearing triage in school children.
Introduction The bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) is a bone conduction system that transmits the sound directly to the inner ear by surpassing the skin impedance and the subcutaneous tissue. It is indicated for patients with mixed, conductive and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss who did not benefit from conventional hearing aids (HAs). Although the benefits from BAHA are well demonstrated internationally, this field still lacks studies in Brazil. Objective To assess the auditory rehabilitation process in BAHA users through audiological, speech perception and tinnitus aspects. Methods Individuals with hearing loss were assessed before and after the implantation. The participants were subjected to pure tone audiometry in free field, functional gain audiometry, speech perception tests, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) in open format, and to the visual analog scale (VAS). Results It was found that the participants benefited from the use of BAHA. The difference in the performance of the participants before and after the BAHA surgery was significant in terms of hearing acuity. There was no statistically significant difference in the speech perception tests. The tinnitus assessment showed that 80% of the participants scored slight tinnitus severity in THI after using a BAHA. Eighty percent of the participants classified their tinnitus as absent to mild in the VAS after the surgery. Conclusion Based on the results of the current study, we can conclude that the participants improved both the auditory perception and the tinnitus handicap.
Both EOAE procedures responded well to the hearing triage in school children.
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