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Oral care is frequently suboptimal in children from developing countries, especially those suffering from severe systemic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the oral epidemiological profile of 3-to-5-year-old children with congenital heart disease. Dental and medical records of children evaluated at the Dental Service of the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were reviewed. Caries experience was reported using the dmft index. Negative behavior towards dental management was recorded. The sample consisted of 144 children aged 4.41 ± 0.95 years. The mean dmft value was 5.4 ± 4.9, and 80.5% had at least one caries lesion. Dmft index was greater in the presence of cyanotic cardiac disease and in children with negative behavior. An increase in the "missing" component of the dmft index was also found in children using medicine on a daily basis. A higher caries experience was associated with children whose fathers had only an elementary education. In conclusion, children with congenital heart disease had high levels of caries experience at a young age. Cyanosis, negative behavior, daily use of medicine, one-parent family and the educational level of fathers seem to influence caries experience in children with congenital cardiac disease.

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The continuous and intense process of habitat loss and fragmentation has reduced the Atlantic Forest to less than 12% of its original area, with 80% of the remaining fragments smaller than 50 ha and only 9% protected within conservation units. One of the largest Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants is protected inside the Una Biological Reserve -REBIO Una and Una Wildlife Refuge -REVIS UNA (designated here as "Una Region"). Una Region has fundamental importance to many biological groups due to their endemic species, most of them threatened, but with regard to bryophytes in Una Region there are still knowledge gaps. We carried out a bryofloristic survey in Una Region and analyzed floristic, ecological and reproductive aspects of the bryoflora. Bark, leaf and decaying wood samples were collected within 15 10 x 10 m plots resulting in the identification of 140 species (95 liverworts and 45 mosses), including five new records for Bahia State and 11 for the Northeastern region of Brazil, one endangered (EN) species, and one species recently described. Richness estimators revealed high proportions of undetected species, varying according to substrate type. The bryoflora was dominated by life forms of intermediate desiccation tolerance and shade specialists. Asexual or sexual reproductive structures were observed in nearly 60% of the species. Our results indicate that Una Region plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of the taxonomic, functional and genetic diversity of bryophytes and in the conservation of this group not only in Bahia, but also in the Atlantic Forest.