To conduct, in an effective way, the non-destructive testing (NDT) of products—in particular, the fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI)—remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose the method of support in the choice of a fluorescent penetrant to be used in FPI research. In the results of the usage of the proposed procedure, it is demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the negative impacts on the environment by FPI processes (through sustainability), while including other criteria, i.e., financial, security, productive (Industry 4.0), and societal (Society 5.0) criteria. The essence of the proposed method is to integrate two methods of decision support. These were the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the cost–quality analysis (AKJ). Using the AHP method, the quality level of fluorescent penetrant (to the satisfaction of the customer)—which included the sustainability criteria—are calculated. These criteria include natural environment, reactivity, combustibility, level of sensitivity, and type of washing (emulsification). Then, with the help of the AKJ, the most favorable penetrant—in terms of quality and cost—is calculated and, thus, indicated. This choice must include the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, this method can be used to choose fluorescent penetrants in manufacturing and service enterprises which carry out FPI.
Crushing is one of the most energy-consuming technological processes. The purpose of grinding is to achieve the desired grain size of mineral raw materials. The process of grinding consists of many factors, for example, the size and form of crushed grains, as well as their mutual arrangement inside the crushing machine chamber, the technological parameters of the crusher, the material properties, and the speed of the moving grains. One of the key parameters of the aggregate is its resistance to grinding. Resistance to grinding is related to the strength of the products made from aggregates subjected to grinding, which affects the overall quality of these products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the crushing of natural aggregate on the LA crumbling strength index. Two types of aggregates were analyzed—natural gravel and natural pebbles crushed in a crusher. Aggregates were acquired from two mines belonging to the plant Kruszgeo S.A. in Rzeszów, i.e., ZEK (Zakład Eksploatacji Kruszywa) Ostrów and ZEK Strzegocice II. The aggregate crushing process was carried out for 4–8 mm and 10–14 mm fractions using cone crushers of the 1044 type. Aggregate crushing was carried out in a Los Angeles drum, in accordance with the requirements of EN 1097-2:2020. The analysis showed that for grits of the 10–14 mm fraction, the lower values of the LA indices were obtained, which allows for obtaining a bigger index of crushing strength than in the case of crushing using the 4–8 mm fraction. This analysis showed how important the process of grinding aggregates is and, thus, the appropriate selection of fractions for the grit crushing process for the aggregate strength on grinding. Subjecting the aggregate to the grinding process results in an improvement in the crushing strength indicator, thus obtaining better strength parameters of the products manufactured from the aggregates subjected to the process of crushing (for example, concrete). The originality of the study is an analysis of key Polish aggregates and the crushing strength index.
Access dysfunction presents a risk for haemodialysis patients and is costly for health care providers. Regular vascular access quality (VAQ) monitoring enables the detection of adverse access conditions early allowing timely interventions, which will presumably be less invasive, more successful and cheaper. This paper reviews all currently used assessment parameters: dynamic and static pressures, recirculation and blood flow through the access--and analyses pros and cons of each of them. Based on this overview it is concluded that access flow monitoring should be the method of choice, possibly combined with monitoring of another parameter to further enlarge diagnostic possibilities of the monitoring. The VAQ monitoring system developed and used currently in the author's dialysis centre is briefly described as an example. The issue of access flow related to haemodynamics is briefly mentioned. With the introduction of any VAQ monitoring system, one has to acknowledge a change in structure of interventions and that the demand for surgical procedures decreases with a concurrent increase in percutaneous interventions.
Business continuity depends on the quality of management of individual processes. The management team strives to anticipate all possible threats and define protective measures. In the event of the COVID-19 pandemic enterprises were not prepared for such threats. Therefore, an important role is played by the health and safety inspector who should be involved in the company management process. The impact of the safety aspects of the work environment on the quality and efficiency of work is even more important in the event of an unexpected hazard that is difficult to completely eliminate. The purpose of the paper is to present the causes and effects of the COVID-19 biohazard according to the Ishikawa diagram on the example of a selected process in an enterprise.
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