Purpose:The development of computer-aided diagnostic ͑CAD͒ methods for lung nodule detection, classification, and quantitative assessment can be facilitated through a well-characterized repository of computed tomography ͑CT͒ scans. The Lung Image Database Consortium ͑LIDC͒ and Image Database Resource Initiative ͑IDRI͒ completed such a database, establishing a publicly available reference for the medical imaging research community. Initiated by the National Cancer Institute ͑NCI͒, further advanced by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health ͑FNIH͒, and accompanied by the Food and Drug Administration ͑FDA͒ through active participation, this public-private partnership demonstrates the success of a consortium founded on a consensus-based process. Methods: Seven academic centers and eight medical imaging companies collaborated to identify, address, and resolve challenging organizational, technical, and clinical issues to provide a solid foundation for a robust database. The LIDC/IDRI Database contains 1018 cases, each of which includes images from a clinical thoracic CT scan and an associated XML file that records the results of a two-phase image annotation process performed by four experienced thoracic radiologists. In the initial blinded-read phase, each radiologist independently reviewed each CT scan and marked lesions belonging to one of three categories ͑"noduleՆ 3 mm," "noduleϽ 3 mm," and "non-noduleՆ 3 mm"͒. In the subsequent unblinded-read phase, each radiologist independently reviewed their own marks along with the anonymized marks of the three other radiologists to render a final opinion. The goal of this process was to identify as completely as possible all lung nodules in each CT scan without requiring forced consensus. Results:The Database contains 7371 lesions marked "nodule" by at least one radiologist. 2669 of these lesions were marked "noduleՆ 3 mm" by at least one radiologist, of which 928 ͑34.7%͒ received such marks from all four radiologists. These 2669 lesions include nodule outlines and subjective nodule characteristic ratings. Conclusions:The LIDC/IDRI Database is expected to provide an essential medical imaging research resource to spur CAD development, validation, and dissemination in clinical practice.

Purpose-To conduct a controlled trial of bevacizumab for the treatment of symptomatic radiation necrosis of the brain.Methods and Materials-Fourteen patients were entered into a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study of bevacizumab for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) radiation necrosis. All patients were required to have radiographic or biopsy proof of CNS radiation necrosis and progressive neurological symptoms or signs. Eligible patients received irradiation for head and neck carcinomas, meningioma, or low-to mid-grade gliomas. Patients were randomized to receive IV saline or bevacizumab at 3-week intervals. MRI 3-weeks after the second treatment and clinical signs and symptoms defined response or progression. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. and T 1 -weighted gadolinium-enhanced volumes and decrease K trans . All bevacizumab-treated patients -and none of the placebo-treated patients -showed improvement in neurological symptoms or signs. At a median of 10 months after the last dose of bevacizumab in patients receiving all 4 study doses, only 2 patients had experienced a recurrence of MRI changes consistent with progressive radiation necrosis, and this was the only patient to receive only 2 treatments with bevacizumab. Results-The Conflict of InterestConclusions-This class I evidence of bevacizumab efficacy in the treatment of CNS radiation necrosis justifies consideration of this treatment option for people who suffer radiation necrosis secondary to the treatment of head and neck and brain cancers.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer accounting for 2.5% of all breast cancer cases. It is characterized by rapid progression, local and distant metastases, younger age of onset, and lower overall survival compared with other breast cancers. Historically, IBC is a lethal disease with less than a 5% survival rate beyond 5 years when treated with surgery or radiation therapy. Because of its rarity, IBC is often misdiagnosed as mastitis or generalized dermatitis. This review examines IBC's unique clinical presentation, pathology, epidemiology, imaging, and biology and details current multidisciplinary management of the disease, which comprises systemic therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. CA Cancer J Clin 2010;60:351-375.© 2010 American Cancer Society, Inc.To earn free CME credit or nursing contact hours for successfully completing the online quiz based on this article, go to http://CME.AmCancerSoc.org.Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by rapid progression and aggressive behavior from onset of disease. Historically, its prognosis has been very grim. Especially before the introduction of systemic chemotherapy, attempts to control IBC with either surgery alone or surgery combined with radiation therapy resulted in median survival times of less than 15 months and local recurrence rates as high as 50%. 1 Although survival times have increased with multimodal therapy, they are still around 35% to 40% and much lower than those for other breast cancers. Because IBC is rare, clinicians are less familiar with it than with the more common types of noninflammatory breast cancers (non-IBC). The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, imaging, biology, and multidisciplinary treatment of IBC. We summarize both current practice and novel concepts under investigation.