Purpose
The purpose of the study was to develop a performance flat-plate solar collector that would be used as a solar drier for fruit fig (Ficus carica L). This study proposes how and why solar energy is important for drying the agricultural products. This study aims to expand the domain of solar collector for different purposes and, most important, for agricultural resource normally found in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study using the flat-plate solar collector with drying chamber for drying purposes of agricultural products. During the experiment, the data were collected with moisture content, drying rate of the product and solar irradiation falls on the collector.
Findings
This paper describes that how flat-plate collector works for agricultural products and how to reduce the moisture content in the product (fig). Efficiency of collector was evaluated under the ambient temperatures of 24°C. Efficiency also significantly increased from 53 to 55 per cent with an increase in ambient temperature from 22 to 24 °C. Figs (Ficus carica L) were dried in the drying chamber of the flat-plate solar collector. The products were dried at temperature of 55-65°C and 15 to 20 per cent humidity.
Research limitations/implications
Because of this research chosen, the research results are beneficiary for agricultural users for drying purposes. Therefore, the researchers are encouraged to dry the agricultural product with flat-plate solar collector, because it reduced the moisture content of the product very fast.
Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study that how flat-plat solar collector can be used.
The research was conducted to find out the effect of solar irradiation on proximate composition of Figs. It was observed that the fresh figs contain 21% moisture, 3.3% ash, 6.61% crude proteins, 2.66%, fats, 4.23% fibers, 69.49% carbohydrate and 410 Kcal/100 g of energy. The total plate count and total caliform count was studied. The highest value of plate count was notes 23000 cfu/g before washing while 13000 cfu/g was reduced after washing the sample and the total caliform value was reduced to 6000 from 8000 cfu/g due to the washing the sample with the double distilled water. The is sample was irradiated for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg, respectively for 45 min in gamma research unit at NIFA, Peshawar having the activity of 50 Kci. At last the sample was not infected by insects during the first three months of storage and a little difference in the color from lighter to darker transmittance.
and Technology. Giardia is an intestinal protozoan parasite and a major cause of diarrheal disease in human worldwide. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method was used to detect the prevalence of Giardia in tube well, bore, drainage and taper water of District Karak, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The total of 65 water samples were collected amongst. From the result the prevalence of Giardia in tube well, drainage and bore water were found 10.76, 1.53 and 1.53%, respectively while in the sample of tape water there will be no prevalence of Giardia was detected. From the result it was concluded that a proper treatment of water for human consumptions is required.
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