Forty mongrel dogs were used in this study for induction of periodontal disease by placing subgingival silk ligatures affecting maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth during a 12-month period. Experimental premolar teeth received monthly clinical, radiographic, and histometric/pathologic assessments. The results demonstrated significant increases in scores and values of periodontal disease parameters associated with variable degrees of alveolar bone loss. The experimental maxillary premolar teeth exhibited more severe and rapid rates of periodontal disease compared with mandibular premolar teeth. Histometric analysis showed significant reduction in free and attached gingiva of the experimental teeth. Histopathological examination of buccolingual sections from experimental premolar teeth showed the presence of rete pegs within the sulcular epithelium with acanthosis and erosive changes, widening of the periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone resorption. Various methods for periodontal repair were studied in 194 experimental premolar teeth exhibiting different degrees of periodontal disease. The treatment plan comprised non-surgical (teeth scaling, root planing, and oral hygiene) and surgical methods (closed gingival curettage, modified Widman flap, and reconstructive surgery using autogenous bone marrow graft and canine amniotic membrane). The initial non-surgical treatment resulted in a periodontal recovery rate of 37.6% and was found effective for treatment of early periodontal disease based on resolution of gingivitis and reduction of periodontal probing depths. Surgical treatment by closed gingival curettage to eliminate the diseased pocket lining resulted in a recovery rate of 48.8% and proved effective in substantially reducing deep periodontal pockets. Open root planing following flap elevation resulted in a recovery rate of 85.4% and was effective for deep and refractory periodontal pockets. Autogenous bone graft implantation combined with canine amniotic membrane as a biodegradable membrane was used in 18 premolar teeth and failed to improve advanced furcation defects in most teeth.
Objective:To determine the prevalence of suicide in local population of Karachi due to chemical poisoning. Study Design:A retrospective study. Methodology:The study was conducted during the year 2011. The total no of 11925 cases were studied from the record provided by police surgeon office Karachi. A questionnaire was filled which comprises of bio data and details of suicide agent used.Results: The prevalence of suicide by chemical poisoning in the sample population of Karachi was calculated as 11 in 10,000 among them 66% females and 34% were males. The ages range from 14 to 22 years. The most common chemical used for suicide was typhone a insecticide (40%) followed by kerosene oil (23%). Finis (insecticide) (22%) and a group comprises of different chemical agents (15%). The treatment outcome showed survival of 82% of cases while 18% died. Conclusion:The prevalence of suicide attempt was 11in 10,000 in the population of Karachi, Pakistan. The most commonly used chemical for this purpose are insecticide (typhone, finis) and kerosene oil.
To assess the influence of sociodemographic factors on the knowledge, attitudes & practices of pregnant women regarding oral hygiene, & investigate whether women have any concept of oral health problems related to pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: The present research of cross-sectional and non-experimental study design was conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi, after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), from 570 patients visiting the Gynecology OPD. All the patients were interviewed using a questionnaire based on different questions regarding socio-demographics, clinical variables (health status, gestation period, previous pregnancies) & knowledge, attitude & practice of oral health. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 16.0. RESULTS: Majority (88.3%) of the women belong to a low socioeconomic status. When asked about dental problems during pregnancy, 44.8% experienced dental pain, 36.5% experienced gum bleeding, & 18.7% experienced gum swelling. Approximately two-thirds (62.6%) had never visited a dentist, of which 50.2% perceived that they did not feel the need to go to the dentist, while 47.1 expressed fear & high fees to be a barrier. Another significant finding was that only 40.8% would refer to dentist if they had any dental problem during pregnancy, while the rest would self-medicate or ask a family member (25.9%), refer to a family doctor (17.6%) or their gynecologist (15.7%). Furthermore, an astonishing 66.9% did not agree that there is a link between oral health & pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate lack of awareness regarding oral health and misconceptions about oral health problems during pregnancy. Education & enlightenment of pregnant woman in terms of oral health & dental care is crucial, for which the preliminary step is to establish a method of spreading awareness regarding the proven relationship between oral health & pregnancy.
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