Previous research shows that feelings of vulnerability, as measured by fear of crime, are associated 16 with preferences for physically formidable and dominant mates (PPFDM), ostensibly because of the 17 physical protection such mates can afford. In the lab and in the field, we tested whether the 18 relationship between PPFDM and fear of crime is pronounced when the risk of crime is relatively 19 high, and for crimes that are evolutionarily more costly. In Study 1, women were presented with 20 daytime and night time images that featured a lone shadowy male figure, crime hotspots and 21 safespots, and they reported their risk of victimisation in the situation depicted in the image. In 22 Study 2, we had female participants walk through crime hotspots and safespots in a city centre 23 during the daytime, and had them report their perceived victimisation risk for different types of 24 crime, perpetrated by a male-versus female. Participants in Study 1 and 2 also completed a scale 25 that measures PPFDM. In both studies, we found that PPFDM was positively associated with fear of 26 crime in hotspots and in safespots. Additionally, fear of crime was significantly affected by risk 27 situation (i.e., safespot versus hotspot, night time versus daytime). The relationship between PPFDM 28 and fear, however, did not vary in relation to risk situation, perpetrator gender, or crime type, 29suggesting that the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between perceived risk of 30 victimisation and PPFDM are general in nature. Women who prefer physically formidable and 31 dominant mates tend to feel more at risk of crime, regardless of the situational risk factors present. 32

Configural processing supports accurate face recognition, yet it has never been examined within the context of criminal identification lineups. We tested, using the inversion paradigm, the role of configural processing in lineups. Recent research has found that face discrimination accuracy in lineups is better in a simultaneous compared to a sequential lineup procedure. Therefore, we compared configural processing in simultaneous and sequential lineups to examine whether there are differences. We had participants view a crime video, and then they attempted to identify the perpetrator from a simultaneous or sequential lineup. The test faces were presented either upright or inverted, as previous research has shown that inverting test faces disrupts configural processing.The size of the inversion effect for faces was the same across lineup procedures, indicating that configural processing underlies face recognition in both procedures. Discrimination accuracy was comparable across lineup procedures in both the upright and inversion condition. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

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Objectives. Stigma has been found to be associated with lower self-esteem, which increases the risk of difficulties across life domains including vulnerability to mental health problems. There are no previous studies of interventions for people experiencing low self-esteem in the context of different stigmatized characteristics. This study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of an intervention targeting low selfesteem in stigmatized people aged 16-24 years.Design. An uncontrolled study with repeated measures.Method. People with a range of stigmatized characteristics, who had low self-esteem and associated impaired daily functioning, were recruited from the general population. The individual six-session cognitive behavioural intervention had modules chosen according to participants' formulations. The CBT included compassion-focussed therapy methods and was informed by stigma research. Feasibility was assessed in relation to recruitment, retention, and protocol adherence. Acceptability was assessed through participant feedback. Questionnaires assessing self-esteem, functioning impairments, depression, anxiety, self-criticism, self-compassion, and responses to prejudice and discrimination were administered at baseline, pre-, mid-, post-intervention, and twomonth follow-up.Results. Forty-four people completed screening; 73% were eligible. Of these, 78% consented and 69% (N = 22) started the intervention. Eighteen (82%) participants completed, and four dropped out. Follow-up measures were completed by all treatment completers. Treatment completers reported the intervention was useful, improved their self-esteem and coping, and would recommend it. Ratings of usefulness and frequency of use of intervention components were high at post-treatment and follow-up.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.