March, 1926 I,VDCSTRIIL 9,VD ENGI,VEERING CHEMISTRY 279 Possibilities of Application This recording device, although a t present very crude, may become a t some future time an important apparatus, not only for research work in filtration, but also in the field of chemical engineering. For instance, it is possible to use it in connection with large commercial filter presses by dividing the flow from the entire apparatus into a part small enough to be proper for the recorder capacity or by operating the float in a weir tank through which the total flow passes. Every filter press run would then make its own record of timt:, total discharge, and pressure. These records would then be examined and filed away the same as other recording device charts. Excessive pressure periods could be detected. The economical time to change filter cloths could be determined. Moreover, the ratio between total solids and filtrate could be checked up and many other things could be found to keep the management well in touch with its factory operation. The device could also be used with any other types of filter, such as the continous filters in which the discharge line should be a straight line. Discrepancies in suction, per cent of solids, and fouling of filter base would be indicated by deviation of the curve from the straight line or by change of angle.I n the field of research there are many interesting applications of this recorder. For instance, in studying the effect of pressure upon the rate of flow through a cake of constant quantity of solids, a number of curves can be made for different pressures and the angularity and curvature noted. For rigid cakes the curves ought to be straight lines, whose angularity is in direct proportion to the pressure, but in nonrigid cakes the angularity would vary in some other way with the pressure. The effect, caused by varying the per cent of solids, all other factors remaining constant, can be very easily studied by comparison of the curves. Research work in filter cloths and other filter bases can be simplified by use of the recorder.A later article will probably appear giving other filtration curves and describing the method used in analyzing them.
The Iiiternntionnl Niclicl Coni~inny hns made u contrnct with Cnnatlinii Industries, Lttl. (subsidiary of the I.C.I.), for tlic innniifncturc of iiitrc cnke. Tlic clicniicnl work5 for tliis p r p o s c will bo crcctctl lit Copper Cliff, Ontnrio, niitl it is iissuinctl tlint the noid protluoctl will bc cniployetl a t tlic csplosivcs fnctory of tho C.I.L. nt Nobel, iu tho siwic district. Tho In Cliiiiii tlic tiuig oil trees (referring to tlic species Bleuriteu fordii particuliirly and to A . no/ttnncc iii a less degree) occur ~~b i~~i t l i i i~t~l~ illid pro\\. liisiiriantly, mostly in IL region betwccii 26" and 34" North latitude, and in liilly country 1111 to 2500 It. in iiltitiitlc, especially i n tlic uppcr reiiclics of tlit! Yiiligtzc ~i i l l~y . A . fordiifavours tile nortlicrii iriiil '1. m o n k w tlic soutlicrn parts of tlic circa, but, there is i i o Ktroiigly mcirkcd division in tlic distribution of tlic spcics. TIII.: AN E I~I C A N DEVELOPMENTVery soon iifter tlic war hincricnii coiisiriiiers of tung oil npprccii'itctl t h t this oil lviis licconiing nioro and more ii stiiplc r c~v iiir~t~criiil of industry, iincl they realisetl tlic tlnngcr of itbsoliitc tlc~icn~lc~icc on one source of supply-and tliiit bcyond tlicir control. (In 1914 tlic U.S.A. iinportctl 61% uf tho total Cliiiicsc export, in 1918 770/,, nnd in 1!)25 SO%, n.nd tlic Anicricctii consuinption no\v is 40,000 tons per nnnuiii.) They bcgaii to study tlic possibilities of cstnblisliing IL doniestic industry ; t i pcriotl of high liriccs i n 1923 ii\raltcnccl tliciii to tlic iicctl for iniincditLtc nction, ii.ntl the Aiucricnii 'I!ung Oil Corporntion was forinctl in tlic lnttcr part of tliiit ycnr, witli Ah, 1.1. A. Gtirdncr, tlic Director of the Aiiicricnii Pniiit Rcsenrcli Institirtc, 11s \'icc-l'rcsiclcnt niitl Gcncrnl Jfnaagcr. h i t,isJi piiiiit nliiiiufncturers stnntl to-(lay prcciscly wlicrc tlic A~i~cricnns stood nboi1t 1921.Tiie Bincricuii Tung Oil Cor~itiriitioii stiirtetl wit11 a cripitnl of $~OO,OOO subscribctl ns n co-operative effort cuiiong the nionibers of tlic Anicricnii Piiint and Viirnisl 111 January, 1929, the first large-scnlc tung oil mill cainc into opcrntion, cnpi~ble of cxprcssing nbout 50 gnls. of oil pcr hour; this may be said to niark thc beginning of iictivitics oil n real coninicrcinl scale. As yct only n smnll proportion of tlic trccs arc of aiiy age to bear fruit, but if cspcctations nre rcaliscd, nud there seciiis to be nothing to stop tlicm h i n g rcaliscd, thc yicld of U.S.B. produced oil slionld be scvcrnl hundreds of tous this ycnr, and hcnccforwnrd as the trees come into bcnring the output should iiicrcnsc riipidly. The planted area of trees i n frill bcnring ncccssiiry to supply t,lic present Aincricnii dcmnnd 11:is bccn vnriously cstimntcd, but, is probiibly nbout 100,000 ncrcs. QUALITY or ,\JII.:HICAS-C:1~o\\'S Tusc, OIL 11 most iiiiportant fciiturc in tlie study of tung oil is the fact that it lins iiI\vnys bccn 1iaLlc to 11citvy ndultcration. It is gcIicrally ndmittcd t lint ndultcration with ...
Results of an extended study of the vacuum-fusion method for the determination of gases in steels are presented.
Alloys of silver with cadmium or zinc were the most tarnish resistant of the workable binary alloys, but were also of the lowest tensile strength. Antimony and tin, either singly or together, were rather effective in strengthening zinc-silver alloys. These alloys also were readily workable and of marked tarnish resistance. Alloys of silver with 15 or 20 per cent of zinc or cadmium and 20 per cent of gold were very easily worked, possessed strength and hardness values more nearly comparable to copper-silver of sterling fineness than any of the other alloys prepared, and at the same time were very tarnish resistant.
ABSTRACT.The recent development of rustless iron -a stainless steel in which the carbon is largely eliminated -has emphasized the need of low-carbon ferrochromium.
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