Aim
This study was aimed at investigating platelet‐derived microparticles (PMP), endothelium cell‐derived microparticles (EMP) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) according to renal function and time post‐transplant. We found this study relevant because unusual biomarkers seem to be a promising tool to evaluate chronic renal disease and post‐transplant monitoring.
Methods
Ninety‐one renal transplant recipients (RTx) were allocated into groups according to creatinine plasma levels (C1 < 1.4 and C2 ≥ 1.4 mg/dL), estimated glomerular filtration rates (R1 < 60 and R2 ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and time post‐transplant (T1: 3–24; T2: 25–60; T3: 61–120; and T4 > 120 months). EMP and PMP levels were assessed by flow cytometry and VWF levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Platelet‐derived microparticle levels were higher in C1 group compared with C2 (P = 0.00). According to diameter, small PMP and EMP (≤0.7 μm) were also higher in C1 group, all values of P less than 0.05. T1 and T2 groups have shown high EMP levels and a predominance of big microparticle (>0.7 μm) compared with T4 group, all values of P less than 0.05. Higher VWF levels were observed among RTx with creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL compared with other RTx, P = 0.01.
Conclusion
The results showed that PMP, EMP and VWF are promising markers to evaluate endothelial function in RTx. These biomarkers could play a major role in monitoring patients after renal transplant.
Our data suggest that regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 could be good biomarkers associated with stable renal function, while pro-inflammatory cytokines seems to be potential markers in RTR related to high creatinine plasma levels, specially IL-6 despite of its borderline values.
The history of muscle biopsy dates back to 1860, when Duchenne first performed a biopsy on a patient with symptoms of myopathy (1) . Since then, the basic and clinical science of muscle and muscle disease has gone through three stages of development: the classical period, the modern stage and the molecular era.
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