Many strains of Chlamydia suis, a pathogen of pigs, express a stable tetracycline resistance phenotype. We demonstrate that this resistance pattern is associated with a resistance gene, tet(C), in the chlamydial chromosome. Four related genomic islands were identified in seven tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains. All resistant isolates carry the structural gene tet(C) and the tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C). The islands share significant nucleotide sequence identity with resistance plasmids carried by a variety of different bacterial species. Three of the four tet(C) islands also carry a novel insertion sequence that is homologous to the IS605 family of insertion sequences. In each strain, the resistance gene and associated sequences are recombined into an identical position in a gene homologous to the inv gene of the yersiniae. These genomic islands represent the first examples of horizontally acquired DNA integrated into a natural isolate of chlamydiae or within any other obligate intracellular bacterium.
This chapter presents a multimodal analysis of the picture book I Hate English (Levine, 1989) and highlights key aspects of image-text relations to help teachers understand how to focus on multimodality in their teaching. This picture book describes how Mei Mei, an immigrant child from Hong Kong, changes over time after she immigrates to New York City and learns to love English as much as she loves Chinese. Following Unsworth (2006) and Painter, Martin, and Unsworth (2013), the authors present an analysis focusing on representational/ideational, interactive/interpersonal, and compositional/textual meanings at the intersection of language and image to explore its subject matter, the relation it invites with readers, and the semiotic character of its composition.
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