Background: Health professionals, especially house officer physicians and residents, are exposed to many occupational health hazards in hospitals which include biological (infectious bacterial and viral agents like hepatitis A, hepatitis C, and HIV), physical (musculoskeletal health problems due to working for a long time also exposure to radiation, laser, or chemicals and anesthetics), and psychological health problems include the economic problems, the aggressive competition between the physicians and the complications of treating high-risk patients. Aim of study was to identify house officers and residents" awareness, and attitude, about occupational hazards in Minia university hospital, Minia general hospital and Mallawy general hospital in Minia governorate and to determine whether preventive techniques are employed. Methods of the study: a descriptive_ cross-sectional hospital-based study, an interview questionnaire was used to detect their awareness, and attitude about occupational health hazards and the appropriate use of preventive measures from March 2017 to septemper 2017. Results: Most of the respondents were attentive of biological hazards, 70% specifically mentioned viral hepatitis and 16% mentioned the human immunodeficiency virus. The percentage of 40% of the respondents recognized musculoskeletal problems as a physical hazard. The most repeatedly stated were backache_, neck ache, and varicose veins. Regarding the use of preventive measures, the majority of them perceived the great importance of sterilization, disposable personal tools and barrier techniques, including gloves, masks, and eyewear. Conclusion: Many occupational health hazards in house officers and residents, due to uncaring practice of them, but adequate awareness among doctors about these hazards, and their adherence to the preventive measures has decreased these hazards.