Abstract. An important aspect of discourse understanding and generation involves the recognition and processing of discourse relations. These are conveyed by discourse connectives, i.e., lexical items like because and as a result or implicit connectives expressing an inferred discourse relation. The Penn Discourse TreeBank (PDTB) provides annotations of the argument structure, attribution and semantics of discourse connectives. In this paper, we provide the rationale of the tagset, detailed descriptions of the senses with corpus examples, simple semantic definitions of each type of sense tags as well as informal descriptions of the inferences allowed at each level.
The GDPR (GDPR, REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)) introduces the self-assessment of digital risks and the modulation of duties on the basis of the impact assessment analysis, including specific measures that intend to safeguard the data subject's human dignity and fundamental rights. Semantic web technologies and legal reasoning tools can support privacy-by-default and legal compliance. In this light, this paper presents a first draft of a legal ontology on the GDPR, called PrOnto, that has the goal of providing a legal knowledge modelling of the privacy agents, data types, types of processing operations, rights and obligations. The methodology used here is based on legal theory analysis joined with ontological patterns.
This paper describes the Eunomos software, an advanced legal document and knowledge management system, based on legislative XML and ontologies. We describe the challenges of legal research in an increasingly complex, multi-level and multi-lingual world and how the Eunomos software helps users cut through the information overload to get the legal information they need in an organized and structured way and keep track of the state of the relevant law on any given topic. We describe the core system from workflow and technical perspectives, and discuss applications of the system for various user groups and our long term vision towards an Internet of Social Things, where laws can have an identity and be manipulated adding interpretation and can proactively inform interested users of their changes over time.
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