In this study, we determine the curative effects of okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract against lead acetate toxicity in mice kidney. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent were used for extracting okra pods. The role of the extract as an antioxidant was tested by DPPH and FRAP methods. The methanol extract was used for experiments in animals. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six equal groups: normal control, negative control (lead-induced), and treatment groups (lead-induced for 28 days and administration of methanol extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW for the 28 days). The following were analyzed in all groups: activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); oxidant level, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO); and markers of kidney injury, namely, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre). Kidney histopathology was also evaluated. This study showed that the methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 is 35.21 µg/mL, and FRAP is 57.58 µM Fe2+/g). The CAT and SOD activities increased significantly in okra-treated groups (P<0.05). The okra administration groups experienced a significant decrease in MDA, NO, BUN, and Cre levels (P<0.05). Thickness of the epithelial proximal tubule, diameter of the proximal tubule, and percentage of necrotic cells in proximal tubule decreased, but the diameter ratio of glomerular Bowman’s capsule in mice treated with okra was optimally improved and repaired like normal control (P<0.05). The results of this study reveal that methanol extract has a very strong antioxidant effect and can reduce the influence of toxicity induced by lead acetate in mice kidney.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is reported to have various biological functions such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation. However, only few studies have been reported immunomodulatory activities of okra to prevent disease caused by bacteria infection. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from okra pods were investigated further through the spleen weight and B-lymphocytes proliferation in mice infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Okra polysaccharides were obtained by water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Okra polysaccharides with doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BW were orally administrated to mice with or without Staphylococcus aureus infection. Spleen weight was evaluated in both treatment group and control group. B-lymphocytes proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay using LPS induction. Results showed that okra polysaccharide at the doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg increased spleen weight (p < 0.05) significantly. While at the dose of 75 and 100 mg/kg, it increased the B-lymphocytes proliferation (p < 0.05) significantly. There is positive correlation between the spleen weight and B-lymphocytes proliferation by 73.3%. These result reveal that okra polysaccharide could improve the immune response and be utilized as a novel candidate of neutraceutical.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) rhizome infuse to hemoglobin concentration and number of erythrocyte of (PbNO3)2 treated rats. Pb was presumed to be link at sulphyhydril groups that may caused an inhibition to several enzymatic process, such as d-ALAD and heme sintetase which is caused the inhibits of Hb synthesis and erythropoesis. Twenty female rats was used in this experiment. They were divided into five groups, i.e. (A) control (treated with 1 ml aquadest), (B) treated with 1/2 ml of 12 ppm lead solution and 1/2 ml aquadest, (C) treated with 1/2 ml of 12 ppm lead solution and 1/2 ml of 20 percent turmeric rhizome infuse, (D) treated with 1/2 ml of 50 ppm lead solution and 1/2 ml aquadest, (E) treated with 1/2 ml of 50 ppm lead solution and 1/2 ml of 20 percent turmeric rhizome infuse. The treatment was given orally every day (30 days) using a modified syringe. After 30 days of treatment, the blood sample were taken about 2 ml by heart puncture. The Hb concentration was determined using by Cyanmethemoglobin method and number of erythrocyte was counting on Haemocytometer Improved Neubauer. Data were analyzed by Anova and LSD test (a = 0.05). The results of this study shows that 20 percent of turmeric rhizome infuse statistically has a significant effect (P less than 0.05) to increasing of hemoglobin concentration but hasn’t significant to prevent the number of erythrocyte decreasing of [(PbNO3)2] treated.
Background: Keputih Village is located in eastern Surabaya. The boundary of this village is the river. Areas on the river banks are overgrown with wild plants and poorly maintained. One way to overcome the dysfunctional land around the river is by cultivating medicinal plants with verticulture techniques. Purpose: The implementation of this program is to overcome the dysfunctional land around the Keputih Village’s river by cultivating medicinal plants in verticulture techniques and provide training in the manufacture of herbal products from the cultivation of medicinal plants and provide financial management training to the local residents. Methods: This activity was carried out in 4 stages. Phase I was training in making pots and verticulture shelves as well as planting medicinal plants, Phase II was mentoring in the field, Phase III was training on making herbal products from plants and training on simple bookkeeping, Phase IV was product display. Results: Based on the results of this training showed that the knowledge of the participants related to the training material has increased which shown from the results of the posttest with average of 79,31 and product display. Conclusion: In this activity, beside gaining knowledge, participants can apply this knowledge to increase family income.
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