Departmental sources Background: Cardiac dysfunction during endotoxemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) is a triterpenoid extracted from the Rhizoma Alismatis, a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity on endotoxemia. This investigation aimed to uncover the protective effects of AB23A against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Material/Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (20 mg/kg intravenous) stimulation, with or without pre-treatment of AB23A (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg). Histopathological staining and cardiac function were performed 4 hours after LPS stimulation. Then the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a were monitored with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, H9C2 cells were treated with LPS (5 μg/mL) with or without pre-treated with AB23A (0.1 μM, 1 μM, or 10 μM), and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH-DA combined with flow cytometry. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, P38, p-P38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and pERK were assessed by western blotting. Results: AB23A improved the survival rate and ameliorated myocardial injury, decreased inflammatory infiltration and the level of IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-a in the LPS-stimulated mouse model. Moreover, AB23A inhibited the ROS production in LPS-treated H9C2 cells. In addition, AB23A suppressed the levels of TLR4 and NOX2 as well as the activation levels of P38 and ERK both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: AB23A reduced LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and ROS production through the TLR4/NOX2 pathway.
Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese Raspberry), known as Fu-Pen-Zi in Chinese, a woody perennial plant of the genus Rubus in the Rosaceae family, has specific nutritional and medicinal values, which is considered food-medicine herb in China for thousands of years to treat impotence, premature ejaculation, enuresis, frequent urination, and other diseases. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development and utilization of Rubus chingii Hu, hoping to provide useful support for its further research and clinical application. The bioactive components in Rubus chingii Hu contain mainly terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and steroids. The main pharmacological effects are their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor capacity on human health. Rubus chingii Hu is a very valuable food-medicine herb. The development of Rubus chingii Hu–related drugs is relatively single, which is limited to traditional Chinese medicine and prescriptions. Therefore, it is vital to pay interest to Rubus chingii Hu and its bioactive components in the future and extend its scientific application.
Recently, Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), having a rich history in China for their use in maintaining health and treating disease, have gained popularity worldwide. However, their modernization and globalization are impeded due to their “multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target” properties. Chemometrics, a comprehensive product of statistics, computers, and information, is an interfacial discipline that extracts practical information from large chemical and biochemical datasets, beneficial to overcome TCMs restrictions. This review summarized key research findings on the basis and application of TCMs according to their components, authenticity, processing conditions, geographical origin, pharmacological activity, and metabolomics based on recent studies. Here, we discussed the benefits and shortcomings of cluster analysis, principal component analysis, soft independent modeling of class analogy, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, data fusion and calibration, and the appropriate application of these methods in different fields of TCMs. This review aimed to provide a basic understanding of the role and perspectives of chemometrics in the spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis of TCMs.
Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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