Based on a nationwide Norwegian survey among 3160 parents of children aged 6-12 years, this article identifies and discusses barriers for children's engagement with nearby nature. A set of social factors related to time pressure are evaluated as more significant barriers than environmental factors such as accessibility, safety and landscape quality. Children's free play in nearby nature does not seem to be an alternative to a target-orientated and time-scheduled everyday life. Instead, parents give themselves, other adults and public institutions more responsibility to stimulate increased nature contact. Despite strong traditions in outdoor life and good accessibility to nearby nature, social and cultural trends seem to influence children's engagement with nature in the same way in 'Green Norway' as it does in many other European countries. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of policy and promotion according to nature management and adults' roles.

Transmission lines are critical infrastructures, but frequently contested especially at the local level, by local communities. The role of public engagement in processes pertaining to specific transmission line projects is an under-researched, yet important topic that this paper seeks to discuss by investigating how inhabitants perceive these processes and to what extent they find the processes just and fair. This paper addresses the participatory aspects of the planning process, as perceived by the local inhabitants in four Norway and UK cases, by using a qualitative comparative case study design. We further analyse this issue through frameworks of public engagement and procedural justice. In both countries public engagement is largely characterized by perceptions of insufficient information, and insufficient influence on the process. In sum, the findings indicate that the informants generally perceive the opportunities for involvement as insufficient and unjust. The findings are quite similar across all cases and both countries. Local inhabitants represent diverse groups who often have different levels of knowledge, time and engagement to bring to the planning process. Their requests for improved processes thus underline the serious public engagement challenges that applicants and decision-makers face. Cover Letter 1'Local perceptions of opportunities for engagement and procedural justice in electricity transmission grid projects in Norway and the UK' Report on the editing accord. to reviewers' commments:Reviewer #1: Thanks a lot for the opportunity for reviewing this well written drafted article on a topic that has not previously been very well covered in academic journals. Work on public engagement and acceptance is available, but very few has done such an excellent work through the lenses of procedural justice. I find it very valid to apply the key aspects chosen and then to apply these on the empirical findings from Norway and the UK. Well done. This article should be published A.S.A.P. The only minor comment is the final reference to the National Public Debate Commission (NPDC)employed in a French-Spanish transmission line. It could have been interesting to learn whether such a NPDC could influence the assessment of the key aspects chosen to assess procedural justics, but I guess that this is beyond the scope of the article... Response:We have strengthened the reference to the mentioned study. See last sentence in the concluding part, under section 6 Discussion: This knowledge will contribute to a broader understanding of procedural justice as an important dimension of the wider energy justice research field, which is of crucial importance for the further decarbonization of the European energy system.Reviewer #2: This is a very good article-it addresses an important topic, uses a sound methodology, and is well written. It is almost ready to publishing, meaning my recommendation is to accept the piece with a few minor revisions.First, I like how the piece situates itself at the nexus of electrici...

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The sustainable management of vulnerable natural areas requires accurate measurement of visitor flows, especially in mountain and protected areas. Pyroelectric sensors that detect the heat radiation emitted by human bodies are now commonly used in many regions, including Scandinavia and the UK, to count pedestrian traffic in both urban and natural areas. We used four different tests to investigate pyroelectric counters' accuracy in mountain winter conditions. Air temperature, distance to sensor, visitor clothing and visitor volume were all found to affect counter error rates. For tests within moderate winter temperatures (between 0°C and -18°C) counters reported within manufacturer's claimed accuracy at 5% for 2 m range, but for -21°C and below visitor numbers were over reported by 10.9%. Counter accuracy was generally unaffected by visitor clothing within 2 m of the sensor, but at a 4 m distance counters frequently failed to detect individuals in insulating down jackets more than fleece jackets. Counter error rates were slightly higher in outdoor than indoor tests, but still accurate within 5%. Error rates increased with increasing visitor traffic. The findings provide methodological implications for researchers and managers using automated visitor counters to estimate wintertime visitor use in mountain areas.