Drug shortages in the United States continue to be a significant problem that negatively impacts pediatric patients of all ages. These shortages have been associated with a higher rate of relapse among children with cancer, substitution of less effective agents, and greater risk for short- and long-term toxicity. Effective prevention and management of any drug shortage must include considerations for issues specific to pediatric patients; hence, the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) strongly supports the effective management of shortages by institutions caring for pediatric patients. Recommendations published by groups such as the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition should be incorporated into drug shortage management policies. PPAG also supports the efforts of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to not only address but prevent drug shortages caused by manufacturing and quality problems, delays in production, and discontinuations. Prevention, mitigation, and effective management of drug shortages pose significant challenges that require effective communication; hence, PPAG encourages enhanced and early dialogue between the FDA, pharmaceutical manufacturers, professional organizations, and health care institutions.
In May 2013, the Texas Legislature passed House Bill 1296, requiring the Texas Education Agency to distribute information to public school students about higher education institutions and workforce needs in the state. Specifically, the bill calls for comparisons on higher education institutions in terms of tuition costs, student debt, retention and graduation rates, and employment outcomes. The bill also requires disseminating the Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) projections of future occupational demands and annual wages for the jobs in highest demand.The bill further requires the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB), in conjunction with TWC, to prepare a report on Texas's future workforce needs that would help inform decisions to develop or expand postsecondary education programs. This portion of the bill is the motivation for the present report.Educators and policymakers in Texas and elsewhere have a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative workforce information available for planning degree and certificate programs in colleges and universities. To help guide use of such resources, The College for All Texans Foundation, which works to further the objectives of THECB, asked RAND Education, a unit of the RAND Corporation, to conduct this study. It examines the quantitative and qualitative sources of information on workforce needs. It reviews common techniques for quantitative modeling using workforce data, as well as how institutions and states may use these data to inform decisions about degree programs.It also develops some data tools and recommends ways to use workforce information in degree program planning.This study was made possible by the generosity of the Houston Endowment.
Preface States are increasingly exploring a greater role for community colleges in baccalaureate-level education. As of 2014, 17 states including Texas allow at least some community colleges to offer bachelor's degrees. Texas currently limits this authority to three community colleges. On May 22, 2013, the Texas Legislature approved Senate Bill 414 mandating a study to consider further expanding community college baccalaureate degrees in Texas. The College for All Texans Foundation, which works to further the objectives of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB), asked RAND Education, a unit of the RAND Corporation, to partner with the Texas Higher Education Policy Initiative (HEPI) to conduct the study. This study assesses unmet workforce-development needs, particularly those necessitating baccalaureate degrees, in nursing and four applied science occupations: computer and information technology, management of fire sciences, management of production/operations technicians, and health information technology. The report provides evidence to support the THECB and legislators in making policy decisions about whether to expand community college baccalaureate programs in these and other areas. The study also recommends activities and processes that can support the policy that is adopted. This report was released in draft form for public comment and was revised to respond to the 22 public comments received, as well as two peer technical reviews.
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