ARTICLE This journal isIn this work, we have synthesized ozonides from sunflower, flaxseed and baru oils. In addition, ozonolysis reaction of sunflower oil in the presence of water was performed, and the product obtained had high viscosity and a gel-like appearance. The ozonated products were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity . The oleogel, with an MIC ≤ 3 mg mL -1 , exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against standard and clinical strains. All products showed no cytotoxicity when tested against NIH/3T3 murine fibroblast cells . Effects of ozonation time on the oils were analyzed by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. DSC analysis shows that the ozonides of vegetable oils decompose with a peak at about 150 o C and with a broad exotherm. The decomposition enthalpy is proportional to the degree of ozonation reached.

Neste trabalho sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) são caracterizados e discutidos sob a ótica da produção ruralsustentável. Propõem-se modelos de associações entre agricultura, pecuária e espécies florestais, adaptando estaspráticas à realidade regional. A implantação desses sistemas agroflorestais visa também proporcionar um padrãorazoável de qualidade de vida com a utilização da mão-de-obra familiar, bem como a auto-gestão das atividadesagrossilvipastoris por parte das comunidades rurais envolvidas, privilegiando-se desse modo associações ecológicassustentáveis próximas dos ecossistemas naturais. As alternativas expostas podem também conduzir a uma inserçãode pequenos produtores rurais no mercado de trabalho, hoje marginalizados em função do sistema agropecuáriovigente.

RESUMOOs objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a variabilidade genética e a possibilidade de sucesso na seleção simultânea para porte baixo e alta produção de látex considerando as variáveis relacionais: produtividade de látex por unidade de altura (PBA) e produtividade de látex por área basal das plantas (PBB) como novos caracteres no melhoramento da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis). A seleção baseada nas referidas variáveis permitem a identificação de novos materiais genéticos destinados a plantios adensados. Vinte e duas progênies de meios-irmãos foram estabelecidas no município de Votuporanga (SP), sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 22 tratamentos, cinco repetições e dez plantas por parcela, no espaçamento de 3 x 2 m em linhas simples. Aos três anos de idade, as progênies foram avaliadas quanto aos caracteres em estudo. A combinação dos dois caracteres aumentou a variabilidade genética disponível para seleção sendo possível desenvolver eficiente melhoramento genético simultâneo para o aumento da produção de borracha e redução do porte da planta. Portanto, é possível melhorar os dois caracteres (PB e PBB) simultaneamente, não havendo prejuízo no caráter principal (PB). As altas correlações genéticas entre PBB e PBA (0,842) e entre PBB e altura (-0,578) revelam que a seleção baseada em PBB resultará em redução da altura. O tipo de seleção foi eficiente em aumentar a produção de borracha, reduzindo substancialmente a altura e pouco o perímetro do caule. Esses efeitos são desejáveis em um programa de melhoramento da seringueira visando à seleção de genótipos para plantios adensados.Palavras-chave: Hevea brasiliensis, melhoramento genético, produção de borracha, porte reduzido. ABSTRACT SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION FOR SHORT PLANT HEIGHT AND HIGH RUBBER YIELD IN RUBBER TREEGoals of this work were to evaluate genetic variability and potential of successful simultaneous selection for short stature and high rubber yield, considering relational variables: rubber yield per height unit (PBA) and rubber yield per plant basal area (PBB), both as new traits in rubber tree genetic improvement. Selection based on these variables allows identification of new genetic material suitable for high density plantations. Twenty-two half-sib progenies of half-sibs were established in Votuporanga. The trial was carried out with 22 treatments with five replications each and 10 plants per plot, planted in single lines at density of 3 x 2m. Plots were randomly distributed. At three year old age, progenies were evaluated and showed that a combination of those two traits increased genetic variability available

No abstract

Titanium dioxide has attracted much attention since a long time ago due to its versatility as advanced material. However, its performance as semiconductor devices is very much dependent on the predominant crystalline phase and defect concentrations, which can be adjusted through the synthesis methods, thermal treatments and doping processes. In this work, an accurate structural characterization of titanium dioxide was used by X-ray diffractometry supported by rietveld refinement and thermal analysis. The insertion of 5 mol% of zirconium silicate was able to stabilize anatase up to 900 C, permitting the oxygen vacancies to be significantly eliminated. It was demonstrated also that the changes in the isotropic thermal parameters for oxygen are related to reconstructive transformation necessary to promote the anatase-to-rutile phase transition. Independently of doping process, the crystallization process of anatase phase as a function of temperature increasing occurs exclusively due the reduction of lattice microstrain up to 600 C. However, above 650 C, that crystallization process becomes dependent of the increasing in crystallite size. The anatase crystallite growth event was only possible when the titanium dioxide was doped with zirconium silicate. Otherwise, the rutile phase amount starts to rise continually. Thus, there are optimistic expectations for that new composition to be a new semiconductor matrix for additional doping processes.

This work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of some insecticides compounds on Aedes aegypti and Artemia salina larvae. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the toxic effect after of 24 and 72 h using the compounds or associations. The LC10, LC50 and LC90 values were obtained and utilized for toxicity comparations. For Ae. aegypti, LC50 were 32.65 mg L-1 in 24 h for Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)] and total mortality in 72 h for SAP-Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)].
Aedes aegypti é inseto de grande interesse na Saúde Pública por transmitir o vírus da Dengue, Febre Amarela e Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue. No controle do mosquito utilizam-se inseticidas organoclorados, organofosforados, carbamatos e piretróides que guiam à seleção de insetos resistentes. A combinação de íons metálicos de transição, EDTA, STI e SAP são propostos como estratégia efetiva e persistente para o controle de larvas de Ae. aegypti através de danos ao sistema digestório por radicais livres. A toxicidade dos compostos foi avaliada para Ae. aegypti e A. salina (organismo não alvo). Os bioensaios foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito tóxico dos compostos e associações após 24 e 72 horas. As CL10, CL50 e CL90 foram obtidas para comparações de toxicidade. Para Ae. aegypti a CL50 foi 32,65 mg L-1 em 24 horas para Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)] e mortalidade total a 62,5 mg.L-1para quelato em polímero acrílico de liberação lenta SAP-Na2[EDTA-Cu(II)] em até 72 horas

Urea is a compound widely used as a feed additive for ruminants; however, when used profusely, it can lead animals to intoxication. Another factor that affects the effectiveness of urea is the lack of synchronization between the nitrogen and the availability of carbohydrates, necessary for better development of the ruminal microbiota. In order to circumvent these problems and improve the efficiency in urea use, the present study developed two new nutritional additives (F16 and F17) with different carbohydrate sources. One of the products developed (F16) used sugarcane molasses as a carbohydrate source, while the other (F17) used cassava starch. In addition to the carbohydrate source, both products contained the same amounts of urea, sulfur, calcium carbonate and were coated with carnauba wax. The supplements developed and two other commercial products based on extruded urea (UE) and polymer-coated urea (UP) were tested for solubility and cumulative gas production. The wax used in the coating process of the developed products (F16 and F17) proved to be efficient in reducing the solubility of the ingredients used. During chemical composition analysis it was verified that both supplements developed contained protein equivalent above 150% of crude protein. The cumulative gas production showed a higher production related to the product F17 (p < 0.05). Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found the chemical integrity of the ingredients that make up the supplements developed. Therefore, is possible to reduce the solubility of urea using carnauba wax as a coating material. The formula with cassava starch associated with urea (F17) had a better synchronization during the degradation of its ingredients.

Nowadays, dengue fever, a mosquito-borne tropical disease, has become widely distributed in Brazil. In order to prevent such disease, the population of Aedes aegypti mosquito has to be controlled. Then, the aim of this study is to assess the toxicological effects of phenolic compounds against dengue mosquitos. Hence, the larvicidal activity and toxicity of phenolic compounds against Ae. aegypti larvae and A. salina, are evaluated, respectively. The phenolic compounds 2,6-diiodophenol and 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol have different toxicity and larvicidal activity. The compound 4-chloro-2,6-diiodophenol shows the highest toxicity for larvae of Ae. aegypti, exhibiting higher toxicity than 2,6-diiodophenol. Although less toxic than Temephos ® (organophosphate), the phenolic compounds evaluated by this research, are proved to be effective against Ae. aegypti larvae. This study demonstrates the importance of controlling the dengue mosquito, considering toxicological aspects of phenolic compounds to prevent environmental impacts.