Based on the stakeholder theory, this paper takes the 2016 data of China's A-share listed enterprises as a sample. It then uses SPSS 22 to conduct statistical analyses on the sample data to study the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and technological innovation investment, particularly the role of the atmospheric environment in regulating the relationship between the two. This paper shows that there is a significant positive correlation between CSR and an enterprise's technological innovation investment. Further research has found that in the case of a poor atmospheric environment, the government's environmental regulations have increased the operating costs of enterprises and weakened the intensity of technological innovation investment. However, when there is public pressure, CSR will improve. Consequently, the correlation between CSR and technological innovation investment is weak. In the case of a good atmospheric environment, enterprises do not need to increase their operating costs. To establish a good image and increase profitability, enterprises lean towards fulfilling their social responsibilities and enhancing their investment in technological innovation. This will also boost the positive correlation between CSR and technological innovation investment.

PurposeThis paper presents a meta-analysis of the electronic banking (e-banking) customer loyalty literature in the last 10 years. The study investigated the moderating role of national culture in the relationship between e-banking customer loyalty and its antecedents.Design/methodology/approachUsing a meta-analysis of customer loyalty in 19 countries, the authors incorporated national culture scores based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions to explore how the relative importance of e-banking customer loyalty antecedents varies across cultures.FindingsThe study revealed that national culture moderates the relationship between e-banking customer loyalty and its seven antecedents for four cultural dimensions, yet there was no significant moderation for satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThis study reviewed the relationships in the literature on customer loyalty in e-banking contexts, extending and enriching the current knowledge. However, some specific limitations, such as the non-use of qualitative studies and the clipping of adverse concepts, exist in the secondary data and should be considered.Practical implicationsThe results show that the seven antecedents affect e-banking customer loyalty to different degrees. Managers should incorporate cultural factors in e-banking customer management.Originality/valueOnly a few studies have assessed cultural differences in relation to e-banking customer loyalty. The authors address this need by offering deeper insights into how cultural dimensions moderate the relationships between e-banking customer loyalty and its antecedents through a meta-analytical review. The study findings offer managers a new perspective of leveraging the benefits of cultural differences, enhancing their decision-making in international business.

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Objective. This study aims to explore the association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods. Two hundred and twenty-five patients with TMDs were recruited, and they completed the questionnaires including the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8-item (JFLS-8), the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item (SSCI-8), and other demographic and disease-related information. The total score of SSCI-8 indicated overall stigma, which could be classified into 2 subdomains, felt stigma and enacted stigma, according to their representative items, respectively. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups in each subdomain of stigma according to their scores: stigma group (score ≥ 1) and no stigma group (score = 0). Results. Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma presented significantly higher scores in VAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8 than those without overall stigma and those without enacted stigma, respectively. Significant differences between patients with and without felt stigma were only observed in GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8. Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma mainly suffered from pain-related TMDs (PTs) and combined TMDs (CTs). Overall stigma and enacted stigma rather than felt stigma were significantly associated with both PTs and CTs. Stigma, including overall stigma, enacted stigma, and felt stigma, was more associated with anxiety and depression and less related to jaw functional limitation of the patients with TMDs. Conclusion. Stigma, specifically enacted stigma, was correlated to pain in patients with TMDs. Stigma was more related to psychological problems than jaw functional limitation.