Abstract:This study aims to report the amplification of the DNA of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, using polymerase chain reaction, obtained from the saliva of a patient with American cutaneous leishmaniasis who did not present any lesion in the oral mucosa. Amplification produced fragments of 103 bp, an estimated size employing Leishmania (V.) braziliensis primers (b1 e b2). The present results revealed, for the first time, that the in vitro amplification of Leishmania DNA using samples from the salivary fluid of a patient with American cutaneous leishmaniasis is possible. However, more studies are required with a larger number of participants to evaluate the usefulness of saliva as a non-invasive sample for PCR. The development of such non-invasive technique is necessary for the diagnosis of many diseases in the future, especially infectious and parasitic ones.
This paper aims at situating the representation and investigation of second language phonology acquisition in light of complexity theory. The first section presents a brief historical panorama of complexity and chaos theory on second language acquisition, followed by the possible phonological representations and analyses aligned with such perspective. Finally, the issue of second language phonology acquisition is revisited.
O presente estudo investigou os efeitos, e sua durabilidade, do ensino explícito da pronúncia em aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa-ação intervencionista com duas turmas de aprendizes pré-adolescentes do nível básico de inglês. Em uma das turmas houve intervenção de aulas explícitas de pronúncia semanais durante um semestre. Todos os participantes foram gravados uma vez antes e duas vezes após as intervenções e suas gravações foram transcritas e analisadas foneticamente. Os resultados indicam, entre outras conclusões, que há efeitos positivos na instrução explícita da pronúncia e que esses efeitos são duráveis.
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