The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant.ObjectivesTo ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic.MethodsA prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively impaired subjects were referred from the Hospital das Clínicas to the RCCD where subjects and their informants were assessed. The same informant was then interviewed at the BBBABSG. Specialists’ panel consensus, in each group, determined the final diagnosis of the case, blind to other center’s diagnosis. Data was compared for frequency of diagnostic equivalence. For this study, the diagnosis established at the RCCD was accepted as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were computed.ResultsNinety individuals were included, 45 with dementia and 45 without dementia (26 cognitively normal and 19 cognitively impaired but non-demented). The informant interview at the BBBABSG had a sensitivity of 86.6% and specificity of 84.4% for the diagnosis of dementia, and a sensitivity of 65.3% and specificity of 93.7% for the diagnosis of normal cognition.ConclusionsThe informant interview used at the BBBABSG has a high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of dementia as well as a high specificity for the diagnosis of normal cognition.

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Objective: To characterize the problems of feeding and swallowing in individuals with moderate and severe Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and to correlate these with functional aspects. Method: Fifty patients with AD and their caregivers participated in this study. The instruments used were: Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-Mental State Examination, Index of Activities of Daily Living, Assessment of Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia, Functional Outcome Questionnaire for Aphasia, and Swallowing Rating Scale. Results: Problems with passivity, distraction and refusal to eat were encountered in the CDR2 group. Distraction, passivity and inappropriate feeding velocity were predominant in the CDR3 group. The problems were correlated with communication, swallowing severity of AD individuals and caregiver schooling. Conclusion: Given the inexorable functional alterations during the course of the disease, it is vital to observe these in patients with a compromised feeding and swallowing mechanism. The present study supplies the instruments to orient caregivers and professionals. Key words: swallowing disorders, Alzheimer's disease, caregivers.A deglutição nas fases moderada e grave da doença de Alzheimer RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os problemas de alimentação e deglutição em indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer (DA) em fases moderada e grave e correlacioná-las com os aspectos funcionais. Método: Participaram do estudo 50 pacientes com DA e seus 50 cuidadores. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Estadiamento clínico da demência (CDR), Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Índice das Atividades de Vida Diária, Questionário de Habilidades de Alimentação e Deglutição, Questionário para Avaliação da Comunicação Funcional na Afasia, Escala de Gravidade da Deglutição. Resultados: No grupo CDR2 foram encontrados problemas como passividade, distração e recusa do alimento. No grupo CDR3 predominou a distração, passividade e velocidade de alimentação inapropriada que se correlacionaram com comunicação, gravidade da deglutição e escolaridade. Conclusão: Dadas as alterações funcionais inexoráveis no curso da doença, é imprescindível a sua observação em pacientes com prejuízos na alimentação e nos mecanismos da deglutição. O presente estudo fornece instrumentos para orientar cuidadores e profissionais. Palavras-chave: transtornos da deglutição, doença de Alzheimer, cuidadores. Correspondence

Background/Aims: Almost half of community-dwelling patients and 59.6% of institutionalized residents with dementia are in moderate or severe stages of this disease. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) has limited applicability to these patients due to floor effects. We aimed to determine the correlation between the MMSE and the Severe Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), as well as SMMSE association with functional scales in patients having moderate to severe dementia and low levels of education. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients 60 years or older attending an outpatient clinic was conducted. The MMSE, SMMSE and functional scales were applied. Clinical and demographic data from medical records were reviewed. Results: Seventy-five patients with a mean of 4.1 ± 3.6 years of education were analyzed. The mean scores on the MMSE and SMMSE were 7.8 ± 7.0 and 17.8 ± 9.4, respectively. The results indicated that the MMSE and SMMSE correlated only in patients who had an MMSE score of less than 10 (r = 0.87; p < 0.001). In addition, significant correlations were found between the SMMSE and functional scales (p < 0.001). It was observed that educational level did not interact with SMMSE performance. Conclusion: The SMMSE is a useful and reliable tool for a brief cognitive assessment of advanced dementia patients with low educational levels.

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