Background: Sleep is an inseparable part of human health and life, which is crucial in learning, practice, as well as physical and mental health. It affects the capacity of individual learning, academic performance, and neural-behavioral functions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and students' academic achievement among students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 medical students from different fields, with maximum variation sampling, completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). For data analysis, SPSS 19 was used through which Pearson correlation test, Spearman test, and t-test were employed. Results: Based on the quality of sleep questionnaire scores, the results indicated no significant difference between students with high grades and those with low grades. However, there were moderate and sometimes severe sleep disturbances in both groups. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference between sleep quality and academic achievement. Nevertheless, longitudinal study should be performed to control for confounding factors.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between care burden and coping strategies in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to December 2018 in Kermanshah, Iran. A total of 130 caregivers of patients admitted to the hemodialysis wards of Imam Reza and Imam Khomeini hospitals of Kermanshah, Iran were selected via convenience sampling. Data-collection tools included a demographic information form, caregiver-burden inventory, and coping inventory for stressful situations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 35.8±13.7 years, and 71 (54.6%) were patients' children. The mean caregiver-burden score was 58.5±20.5 out of 96. Mean scores of timedependent, evolutionary, physical, social, and emotion-dependent care burdens were 17.5 ±5. 3, 12.2±6.3, 9.1±4.7, 8.2±4.0, and 11.4±5.1, respectively. Mean scores of problemfocused, emotion-focused, and avoidance-oriented coping strategies were 46.0±80.8, 43.1 ±9.0, and 48.9±9.5, respectively. Among the strategies, only the avoidance-oriented one had a significant positive relationship with total care burden and all its subscales. Conclusion: Caregivers of hemodialysis patients experienced a relatively high care burden. However, they did not use appropriate coping strategies; therefore, they should be trained to select an effective coping strategy.
Menopause is an important stage in the life of every woman. Hot flashes are the most common climacteric symptom and a major cause of suffering in postmenopausal women. Licorice is one of the plants that is used to relieve menopausal symptoms. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of licorice on hot flash symptoms in menopausal women. The participants of this randomized, double blind, clinical trial study were 60 menopausal women randomly allocated to licorice or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) groups. The participants in this trial received licorice (1140 mg/day) or HRT (a conjugated estrogen 0.312 mg/day and Medroxyprogesterone 2.5 mg/day) for 90 days. In this study we observed that licorice is not very different from hormones in terms of reducing the number and duration of hot flashes, but that HRT can reduce the severity of hot flashes significantly better than licorice can. In addition, there was no significant difference between age, education level, marital status, occupation, income, number of pregnancies, time from cessation of menstruation, and severity of hot flashes in the two groups. We observed that licorice seems more effective than HRT in improving hot flash duration, but that HRT can reduce the duration and severity of hot flashes more than licorice.
Diabetes as a chronic metabolic disorder affects the worldwide population with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Different complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, ocular diseases, and cardiovascular disease are common in patients with diabetes that threaten the patient’s lifestyle. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) usually is related to some major structural alterations in the kidney which characterized by generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inhibition of antioxidant systems in kidney tissue. Different natural agents have been introduced to be used as a complementary treatment to prevent diabetic kidney disease. Flavones (apigenin, luteolin, nobiletin and chrysin) as a subgroup of flavonoids are natural occurring substances which have several pharmacological activates, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor efficacy. Recent evidence indicated that flavones may be effective for prevention and treatment of diabetes complications in experimental models. The present study was designed to review the relationship between flavones administration and diabetes and diabetic kidney disease by focusing on the possible molecular pathway. The findings indicate that flavones have protective effects against diabetic kidney disease by modulation of different pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. Therefore, more clinical investigations are suggested to be conducted to find the protective effects of flavones in patients with diabetes.
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