This paper is focused on the use of photogrammetric measurement techniques for the valorization of architectural and archaeological heritage. The functionality of this system allows operating with unfavourable conditions and pursues the accuracy of the measurement. This case of study presents a complex situation. Currently half part of the octagonal room annexed to the Temple of Mercury in Baia is underwater. Moreover the level of water may grow due to the characteristic movement of the soil in this area. The accuracy of photogrammetric method and the high definition of the camera used for the photo captures allow the reconstruction of the interior of the dome. The particular geometry of this surface stresses the relevance of a complete documentation of the dome. The research describes the method and tools used to realize this survey in difficult conditions and then analyze the geometry of the interior of the dome. In order to develop the geometrical analysis we carried on a series of operations on the point cloud and the survey model. The study of the photogrammetric model and the construction of an ideal model based on geometrical laws generate useful material to understand this complex vault.
The shape and layout of the coffers of the Pantheon's dome have been studied for centuries. The configuration of the coffers is governed by a complex design that is based on geometric-constructive laws yet to be defined. There is no recent and complete graphic restitution of the Pantheon in scientific publications. In this research, contemporary metric restitution techniques were employed to survey the dome's soffit. The layout of the coffers and their relationships with the spherical surface were analysed according to the performed survey. Through a comparative analysis between the restitution model and the ideal model of the dome's soffit, we can identify possible irregularities and the laws that govern the elaborated design of these elements.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This work presents the results of the photogrammetric survey of the inner side of the walls of Avila. The graphical restitution realized is part of the studies for the Master Plan of the walls of Avila promoted by the Cultural Heritage Institute (IPCE), under the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport in 2017. The monument has been extensively drawn throughout history, but there isn’t a complete and detailed planimetric documentation of its whole extent. The huge dimensions of the walls and the different conditions of the visible sectors of the interior side were difficult conditions to overcome. The versatility and great accuracy of photogrammetric method allowed the reconstruction of the interior of the walls in a short time and with accurate results . Moreover the possibility of integrating the results with previous surveys made it possible to present a complete and coherent documentation of the walls. This is an important point and in the research a continuity is sought between restitutions carried out with tools and at different times. In addition, a series of considerations are advanced about the transformation of traditional methods of representation of architectural heritage.</p>
ABSTRACT:This work proposes an integrated survey and a study of the intrados of the dome of the Pantheon in Rome. An actualized architectural survey of the interior of the dome can generate useful material for future studies. The survey has been realized by using in a first stage the digital photogrammetry and in a second stage the three-dimensional laser scan technology. The compared analysis between different methods applied in the same object is useful towards a closer approximation to real dimension. Among several aspects that arise in dealing with the Pantheon this work focuses mainly on the study of the geometry of the inner surface of the dome. The specific goal of the research is to verify the spherical form of the surface and the coffers' distribution. In this sense it takes an important place the extracting data system. In order to realize the analysis it was applied a critical treatment of selected information contained in the point cloud. The use of plan and section drawings connects to the study of three dimensional models. The research is based on the construction of an ideal geometrical model that derives from the theoretical model described in the historical documents. The survey points model, which keeps the irregularities of the actual form, determines the creation of an average sphere, that is a regular model defined by clarifying geometrical laws. The direct comparison between the survey model and the ideal model contributes to the building understanding. It detects irregularities or deformities where they exist, and provides objective and quantifiable data.
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