Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perception of professors, students, administrative staff and academic directors about social responsibility in four universities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) – Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The research was carried out in four universities in RN, Brazil. A survey was conducted with 1,318 students, 118 members of the administrative team, 104 professors and 29 academic directors, to whom a Likert-type questionnaire was applied, with 65 items allocated in seven dimensions as follows: organizational governance, human rights, work practices, environment, legal practices, consumer issues and community involvement and development. Exploratory factorial analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were the statistics used to analyze the data. Findings The research showed difficulties in assessing social responsibility aspects because of the lack of discussion and little socialization and debate of the data. Concerning everyday issues such as student service, environment issues, working conditions and local development is an exception because they have explicit opinions and often negative perceptions. Research limitations/implications The data used were self-reported they were subjected to bias, such as self-attribution and selective perception by community members. The lack of a theoretical model of social responsibility to study a non-profit organization. This study offers a theoretical contribution to analyzing six variables in non-profit organizations. Practical implications The data collection instrument also contribute to Brazilian universities can meet the evaluation criteria of higher education institutions in Brazil by Law 10.861/04, which established the national higher education evaluation system. Social implications This contribution allowed the authors to understand, which of them find the most consensus among stakeholders and which are the most contradictory, as well as to promote improvements in the implementation of social responsibility policies. The proposal of the instrument results in concrete actions for the adoption of the university, to accelerate the implementation of ISO 26000 in its statutes. Originality/value The study on social responsibility at universities of RN, Brazil, under dimensions of organizational governance, human rights, work practices, environment, legal practices, consumer issues, and community involvement and development is innovative and supports other universities to think their processes and better contribute in training new generations of citizens and professionals.
This study investigated the degree to which the financial risk tolerance of individuals was influenced by volatility in the U.S. equities market during the period of the Great Recession. Based on data from a valid and reliable risk tolerance scale and return information for the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 index, there does appear to be some associations between daily market volatility and changes in risk tolerance scores. Changes in risk tolerance scores were also calculated using short- and intermediate-term volatility measures. The relationships do vary, however, with evidence supporting the relationship only 64% of the time. Overall, changes in financial risk tolerance scores were found to be modest. Although not following hypothesized directions at all times, risk tolerance was not influenced by the length of volatility measurements.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish a conceptual model for managerial risk taking that considers objective measures related to an organization’s characteristics and subjective factors related to a decision maker’s profile. Design/methodology/approach A multilevel process-centered managerial decision-making framework was developed based on previously published risk taking models. The framework accounts for the conflict between agents and principals, as well as the macro- and micro-level environments in which risky decisions are made. Findings The integrative model presented in this paper provides a theoretically robust tool that can be used to further explore the interrelationships among known risk concepts that influence decision making in corporate settings. Research limitations/implications The present research is a conceptual model for managerial risk-taking. Further research is needed to test the linkages and propositions within the model, developing measures of the constructs and empirically testing the relationships among the dimensions of risk. Practical implications The proposed model can help firms define what manager profile is most suitable in terms of a match to the company’s investment strategy. Originality/value This paper is theoretically valuable in describing the relationships among several elements of risk: risk need, risk capacity, risk profile, risk perception, and risk tolerance. Future directions for empirical research are also presented.
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