The pig intestinal microbiota represents one of the most important, complex and dynamic microbial community in nature. It has been estimated that the mammalian microbiota contains more than 100 trillion of microbial cells that are involved in numerous physiological processes of the host such as the development of the gastrointestinal system, uptake of feeding, release of active metabolites, stimulation and modulation of the immunity system and communication with central nervous system [1,2]. Although bacterial microbiota represents more than 99% of the intestinal microorganisms, in the last few years mycobiota emerged as fundamental minority portion playing a crucial role in host defense against pathogens and immune homeostasis [3]. Today, a number of publications describing the variation and diversity of pig's gut microbiota in different breed, developmental stages and gut segments, have been reported but few data regarding the characterization of the fungal community are currently available. In this study we report, for the first time, the characterization of the intestinal mycobiota of Nero Siciliano pig (Fig. 1), an autochthonous Sicilian pig breed reared especially in Nebodi's Park and Madonie's Park (Fig. 2) areas (Sicily, Italy), by using a culture-dependent approach and DNA sequencing.
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