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The goals were to estimate nutrients and carbon flow rates between Guanabara Bay and the adjacent coastal waters, to characterize the provenance of the exported/imported organic matter. Samples were collected from different depths over 25 h in two seasons at the bay entrance. Measurements included physicochemical parameters, nutrients, chlorophylls, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), carbon (d 13 C) and nitrogen (d 15 N) isotopic composition, sterols in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bacterioplankton. Most variables showed higher values in ebb tide events. The flow rates calculated on daily basis and estimated on annual basis revealed the exportation to the continental shelf of 1.27 × 10 4 kmol year -1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), 9.52 × 10 2 kmol year -1 dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), 2.65 × 10 4 t year -1 DOC, 1.96 × 10 4 t year -1 POC, and 2.96 × 10 4 t year -1 PN. The estimates show the bay contributes with 0.01% of the total global carbon influx to the ocean.

The distribution and isotopic composition (δ 13 C and δD) of lipids are proxies used to determinate paleoenvironmental conditions including precipitation regimes, vegetation changes and sources of organic matter, among others. This data article describes five datasets of distribution ( n -alkanes, fatty acids, n -alkanols and sterols) and isotopic composition ( n -alkanes and fatty acids) of lipids determined in 50 samples from a gravity core (GeoB16202–2) retrieved on the continental slope off northeastern Brazil. The core site is influenced by the Parnaiba freshwater discharge, the North Brazil Current and by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous work focused on inorganic proxies in this core revealed important clues of climatic conditions during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1). The baseline dataset of molecular and isotopic proxies of the organic matter provided here are additional and/or complimentary evidences to help elucidate past climate change during the Quaternary in the Equatorial Atlantic, where less information is available in comparison to other regions in this ocean.