A macromolecule cross-reacting with antihuman IgD was detected by radial immunodiffusion in the sera of patas, rhesus and macaque monkeys. Sera from chimpanzees and the one baboon tested also showed this reactivity. Physicochemical studies demonstrated that this cross-reacting molecule from the chimpanzee is of similar molecular weight as human IgD and has antigenic characteristics of delta chains. Based on our data, we propose that these nonhuman primates possess an immunoglobulin comparable with human IgD.
Two of three nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, immunized with streptococcal A-variant vaccine, produced over 7 mg/ml serum of 19S IgM antibody to the group-specific carbohydrate. The light chains of this specific antibody from one shark were separated into multiple bands by disc electrophoresis. The light chains from the other antibody-producing animal were much less heterogeneous and gave only one predominant band.
The immune response of the rat to group A streptococcal carbohydrate (SACHO) and an associated idiotype, Id-1, was used to examine the effect of paternal immunity on Id-1 and SACHO-specific antibody expression by the offspring. First litters, conceived before immunization of the father, had significantly higher Id-1 levels than litters conceived by the same parental pairs after hyperimmunization of the father (P greater than 0.01). Total anti-SACHO levels were not affected. The effect appeared to be independent of the level of Id-1 expressed by the father or grandfather. No significant difference in Id-1 production was found between offspring of actively immune, neonatally Id-1 suppressed fathers and fathers expressing high levels of Id-1. We suggest that the paternal immunoregulatory influence acts via the maternal immune system to modify the idiotype repertoire expressed in the immune response of the offspring, and is not the result of genetic transmission of a trait acquired by the father. Some possible mechanisms of transmission are discussed.
Insulin antibodies were detected in the sera of diabetics who had received injections of animal insulin. The incidence of anti-insulin antibodies varied from 47 to 97% depending upon whether individual diabetic serum samples were compared with the highest ‘normal’ serum binding value or the mean binding value of all ‘normal’ nondiabetic sera. Approximately 64 of our diabetic patients had detectable IgD anti-insulin antibodies but only ∼14% of the patients had values clearly above those found in ‘normal’ nondiabetic sera.
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