The article covers the key approaches to the formulation of the education system's environmentalization concept against the backdrop of rising environmental awareness and the need to foster better environmental literacy in modern society. In order to achieve this objective, the authors have come up with an integrated indicator of the education system’s environmental sustainability which provides for environmental assessment at various educational levels. The said approach allows ensuring the comprehensive evaluation and avoiding subjectiveness. In addition, it serves as an efficiency indicator of the entire process of educational service provision under present-day conditions. Based on the aforementioned methodology, the Ukrainian education system was evaluated from the standpoint of its compliance with sustainable development requirements. The pain points of the system were identified, particularly, the absence of thoroughness, error in the logical sequence of shaping environmental knowledge, and uneven distribution thereof at different educational levels. The authors presented the measures aimed at increasing the degree of education system environmentalization, namely making environmental matters, including sound management of natural resources, and environmental protection a part of the curriculum; training the teaching staff capable of implementing the concept of continuous environmental and economic education; forming close links between secondary and higher education, and their cooperation with businesses and governmental institutions.
Стаття присвячена дослідженню методичних підходів до аналізу витрат при управлінні об’єктами нерухомості. Автором проаналізовано структуру цін, витрат та доходів на прикладі підприємства елеваторного господарства. Зазначено, що склад та структура витрат мають галузеві особливості, що суттєво ускладнює розрахунки. Автором розкрито наповнення статей калькуляції витрат, які складаються з: амортизації обладнання; витрат на оплату праці працівників; витрат на електроенергію; матеріальних витрат; витрат на послуги сторонніх організацій. Запропоновано застосування методів аналізу чутливості, диференціації ставки дисконту, аналізу беззбитковості щодо визначення критичних витрат елеваторної нерухомості та розробки стратегії їх зменшення. На основі проведених розрахунків, визначено процедури при розробці стратегії зниження витрат, основними з яких є: аналіз фінансового звіту, складання рейтингу витрат, формування технічних вимог до засобів мінімізації витрат, обґрунтування напрямків оптимізації витрат, поєднання організаційних та технічних способів оптимізації, визнання найвищої цінності людських ресурсів, запровадження практики проведення щорічного зовнішнього аудиту та інші. Запропоновано такі шляхи зменшення загальних витрат: здійснення капіталовкладень в механізацію та автоматизацію виробничих процесів; використання альтернативних джерел енергії, використання вітчизняних якісних аналогів іноземного обладнання, з доступними і порівняно недорогими запчастинами та сервісними послугами.
The purpose of th article is to substantiate the possibility of applying methods for assessing the effectiveness and risks of investing for the analysis of income in the strategic management of real property. Methodology. The methodical bases of sensitivity analysis and simulation modeling of cash flows of real property income are stated. Results. The critical factors of costs and revenues affecting net present value of total cash flow from grain elevator real property object have been revealed. It is evidenced that the most significant factors influencing the amount of cash flows are the volume of sales of grain elevator services, to a lesser extent the total costs and the lack of sensitivity of net present value to staff salary variations. Simulation modeling of the change in net present value due to the change of the most significant uncertain factors was performed, which confirmed the assumptions about the efficiency of the investigated real property. The key factors are the main services that generate net operating income and critical expenses. Namely, services: storage, drying, shipment by road and rail, costs: fuel for drying, electricity, fuel for transportation of grain, staff salaries. For each factor, the relevant limits of change were established (determined by experts taking into account the average annual growth rate of the indicator) and cash flow simulation was performed. Practical implications. Statistical analysis of the model's behavior under the influence of random factors shows that the most probable value of the net present value of cash flows will be positive, despite the simulation of a significant change (+/- 40%) in electricity and fuel consumption factors for grain transportation. The values of the simple and discounted payback period also confirm the efficiency of the elevator property functioning. The indicator of the stability level demonstrate the need of planning input cash flows sources to cover the output cash flows. Value/originality. The expected profitability of grain elevator real property is largely determined by the factor of the volume of basic services sales (storage, drying, shipment and transport of products). This creates the preconditions for the subsequent assessment of the value of grain elevator real property based on the methodology of the income approach.
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