BackgroundFemale genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a Mycobacterium infection in the reproductive organs which often leads to infertility. FGTB is either asymptomatic or causes uncharacteristic clinical presentations, making an early diagnosis is challenging. Our aims were to evaluate the clinical presentations, the process to confirm the diagnosis and followed-up the patients who had undergone laparoscopy at our center. FGTB has been reported from many countries, but has never been reported from Indonesia. Here we present case studies to document the presence of FGTB in Indonesia.Cases presentationThere were three patients admitted to our center; two patients were admitted with irregular menstrual cycle as their chief complaint, while one patient came due to infertility. The results from laparoscopy were suggestive of FGTB; including the presence of caseating granulomas surrounded by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and Langhans giant cells. Additionally, PCR testing confirmed presence of MTB. Subsequent to diagnosis, continuous TB medications was administered with excellent clinical outcome in two patients (pregnant in 18 months after under gone laparoscopy). The infertile patient remain in one of the treated patient above.ConclusionIn infertile patients who live in countries where Tuberculosis is an endemic disease, such as Indonesia, a comprehensive history taking, along with ultrasonography results can be used to diagnose FGTB. Confirmation of this diagnosis can be achieved through polymerase chain reactions result. Timely diagnosis and treatment are imperative to prevent any permanent injury to patient’s reproductive organs.
A wide variety of natural compounds have been recognized for targeting multiple malignancy signaling pathways and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cell lines from different origins. The chemical compositions of those substances present in plants contribute to their significant biological and medicinal value. In this review, we summarized our current findings and knowledge Mini-review Articleof bioactive compounds isolated from the Indonesian medicinal herb, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl, also known as Mahkota Dewa (MaDe) that originated from Papua province. A growing body of evidence from several countries suggests that the plant possesses potential for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Exploring its mechanism in targeting multiple malignancy signaling pathways will provide valuable information for possible clinical applications in cancer management.
Selenium is an essential nutrient for human health, and maternal selenium concentration has been reported to be associated with pregnancy outcome. To further investigate the possible role of selenium (Se) in miscarriage, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the correlations among selenium status, glutathione peroxidase activity, and spontaneous abortion. A total of 46 subjects with normal pregnancies and 25 subjects with spontaneous abortion were recruited, and their serum selenium concentrations and serum glutathione peroxidase activities were analyzed. The total serum selenium concentrations in subjects with normal pregnancies were significantly higher than those of subjects with spontaneous abortion; however, the glutathione peroxidase activities were similar in both groups. We further separated the subjects into smoking and nonsmoking groups, and the logistic regression analysis suggested that total serum selenium concentration, but not serum glutathione peroxidase activity or smoking, was significantly correlated with the incidence of miscarriage. The present study thus reaffirms that low serum selenium levels are associated with miscarriage and that selenium plays an important role in pregnancy maintenance.
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