A formação da paisagem da Microrregião de Tomé-Açu (MRGTA) caminha pari passu com a reorganização e a configuração espacial desse território, agrupando intencionalidades sociais, que introduzem nos lugares onde aportam novas temporalidades e espacialidades segundo as lógicas dos mercados mundiais. As estradas, a exploração agropecuária e a expansão urbana são algumas das perturbações significativas nas Unidades de Paisagens (UPs) rurais dessa microrregião. O desafio deste trabalho foi ler e interpretar os Mosaicos de Unidades Homogêneas (MUH) através do sistema hierarquizado tripolar bertrandiano GTP (Geossistema-Território-Paisagem), das unidades superiores e inferiores, destacando a complexidade da paisagem rural. Utilizou-se de bases secundárias oriundas de instituições do Governo Federal para representação cartográfica das MUH. Posteriormente, organizou-se um Banco de Dados Geográficos através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) QGis 2.18. Com os resultados, evidencia-se que alguns MUH se encontram bem diferentes dos tempos passados, representando uma pluralidade de formas e estruturas de ocupações, principalmente quanto à reprodução do capital, viabilizado e difundido pela ação estatal/empresarial, em especial da paisagem monótona da monocultura do dendê, que tem um arranjo único que causa impacto sociocultural no conjunto geográfico estudado. Do ponto de vista bertrandiano, revela-se que a paisagem da MRGTA possui um conjunto de formas heterogêneas (naturais e artificiais) que possibilitam interpretações particulares de vários tempos, escritos uns sobre os outros, e com idades e heranças de diferentes momentos. Por fim, constata-se que a paisagem da MRGTA possui uma complexidade, e a metodologia aplicada possibilitou ler as marcas e matrizes na paisagem, deixadas no tempo e no espaço dessa microrregião do agronegócio Rural landscape of Tomé-Açu micro region under georges bertrand's perspective A B S T R A C TThe formation of the Tomé-Açu Micro region Landscape (MRGTA), Northern Brazil, goes hand in hand with the reorganization and spatial configuration of this territory, encompassing social intentionalities that introduce new temporalities and spatialities according to the logic of global markets. Roads, agricultural exploitation and urban sprawl are some of the significant disorders for the rural landscape units (UPs) in this micro region. The challenge of this research was to read and interpret the Mosaics of Homogeneous Units (MUH) through Georges Bertrand's tripolar hierarchical system GTP (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape), of upper and lower units, which highlights the complexity of the rural landscape. This research used secondary bases from Federal Government institutions for cartographic representation of the Mosaics of Homogeneous Units. Then, a Geographic Database was organized through the Geographic Information System (GIS) QGis 2.18. The results of the research indicate that some MUH are quite different from the past, representing a plurality of forms and structures of occupancies, especially regarding the reproduction of capital, made possible and disseminated by state and business actions, especially the monotonous landscape of palm oil monoculture, which has a unique conformation that causes sociocultural impact on the studied geographical object. From Bertrand's point of view, it is observed that the landscape of MRGTA has a set of heterogeneous forms (natural and artificial) that enable particular interpretations from different times, written about each other, and with ages and inheritances of different times. Finally, it is understood that the MRGTA landscape has a complexity, and the applied methodology made it possible to read the marks and matrices in the landscape, left in time and space of this agribusiness micro region.Keywords: bertrand, gtp (geosystem-territory-landscape), rural landscape
The formation of palm oil cultivation in Para's Amazon has as guide the state action. Emphasizing that the state makes possible the arrival of palm oil, encourages business creation through programs, projects and policies. The process of reconstituting milestones on origin, consolidation and expansion, which goes from the 1950s to the second decade of the 21st century, was based on the vast literature review on the topic, data collection about palm oil cultivation, palm oil production, emergence, merger, business extinction and the situation of family farming integration projects. Th first part of the text focus on the arrival of oil palm in the Amazon, next, has highlight the creation of palm oil companies and finally analyze palm oil policies. This explains the distribution of the crop predominantly by the Tomé-açu microregion and the current period marked by the projects of integration of rural farmers into the palm oil agribusiness chain, through the discourse of rural territorial development with social inclusion, and job and income generation.
The Amazon Basin has a large amount of water that must be conserved to meet the needs of this and future generations. This study evaluated evidence of the effects of human disturbance in the Tapajos National Forest and its surroundings using physicochemical and biological variables in surface waters as indicators. In order to accomplish this, we first analyzed the data series of precipitation in the region. Samples were collected from the Tapajos River in areas influenced by land use and occupation. We made on-site assessments and collected samples for laboratory analysis. Rainfall in December 2012 was higher than the climatology indicated. The results of the Water Quality Index (WQI) indicated the predominance of the "good" to "great"; its values ranged between 70 < WQI < 90 and 90 < WQI ≤ 100, in 70.0 % of the samples collected. The balnearies Alter do Chão and Pindobal had the highest levels of fecal coliform, possibly due to anthropogenic effects that could be mitigated by adequate tourist practices. The highest WQI and greater transparency of the water near Tauari, showed minimal effects of human activities in nearby surface waters. It is concluded that water bodies are sensitive to changes in land use and those changes may threaten the maintenance of conservation areas.
A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral, está sendo alvo de intenso antropismo, com áreas de progressiva urbanização e degradação ambiental, atingindo proporções descontroladas e impactantes. Os principais mananciais da RMB estão localizados dentro desta APA. Este estudo objetivou fazer a análise espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura do solo dentro da APA Belém e correlação com os parâmetros de qualidade de água de seus mananciais através de análise multivariada. Para atingir este objetivo, foi criado um banco de dados com as áreas das classes, obtido através de sensoriamento remoto, e com as análises de qualidade de água, para os anos de 1984, 1989, 1999, 2008 e 2015. Os parâmetros analisados foram pH, cor, turbidez, nitrogênio amonical, nitratos, nitritos, cloretos, dureza total, alcalinidade e matéria orgânica. Foi feita a análise multivariada com os dados de cada manancial, através da análise de componentes principais. As variáveis avaliadas foram reduzidas para três componentes principais cuja variância total acumulada foi de 91.6%, para o lago Bolonha, 84.7% para o lago Água Preta e 85.7% para a o ponto de Captação Guamá. Os resultados constataram que existem fortes correlações entre as variáveis estudadas. Palavras-chave: análise multivariada, monitoramento ambiental, parâmetros de água, sensoriamento remoto. Analysis spatiotemporal use and land cover within the APA Bethlehem and correlation with the water parameters of their sources A B S T R A C T The Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the metropolitan region of Belém (MRB), an Integral Protection Conservation Unit, has been an intense target of anthropism, with areas of progressive urbanization and environmental degradation, reaching impactfull and uncontrolled proportions. The main sources of MRB are located within this EPA. This study aimed to make the spatiotemporal analysis of use and land cover within EPA-Belém and correlation with the water quality parameters of their sources using multivariate analysis. To achieve this goal, it was created a database with the areas of classes, obtained through remote sensing, and the water quality analysis for the years of 1984, 1989, 1999, 2008 and 2015. The parameters analyzed were pH, color, turbidity, amonical nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total hardness, alkalinity and organic matter. Multivariate analysis of the data of each stock by principal component analysis was performed. The variables were reduced to three main components whose total cumulative variance was 91.6% for the Bolonha lake, 84.7% for Black Water Lake and 85.7% for the point of capture Guama. The results found that there are strong correlations between variables.
Mapeamento da criminalidade na cidade de Castanhal utilizando ferramenta de integração e análise de dados espaciais
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