The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based exercise program on bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Twenty postmenopausal women (aged 61.3 ± 6.0 years) with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a community-based exercise program group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The community-based exercise program was multicomponent, three days per week for 32 weeks, and included walking, resistance and aquatic exercises. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured pre and post-training by dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the exercise group significant increases were found in the ward’s triangle bone mineral density (+7.8%, p=0.043), and in fat-free mass (+2.4%, p=0.018). The findings suggest that regular multicomponent training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

O exercício físico pode promover benefícios na funcionalidade do sistema venoso. Contudo, tratando-se de exercício com sobrecargas musculares, observa-se contraindicações quanto à sua prática diante da possibilidade da mesma estar relacionada ao agravamento das disfunções venosas. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da prática do exercício com sobrecargas musculares sobre o diâmetro venoso de mulheres fisicamente inativas portadoras de insuficiência venosa crônica de membros inferiores. MÉTODOS: Vinte e duas mulheres com idades entre 21 e 58 anos (34,27 ± 12 anos) foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: experimental (n = 12) e controle (n = 10). O treinamento com cargas foi realizado por 16 semanas, e o diâmetro venoso foi medido nas veias safenas magna (em nível da coxa e perna) e parva no membro inferior esquerdo por meio de ecodoppler colorido. Utilizou-se a ANOVA por dois fatores para avaliar as possíveis modificações dos diâmetros entre os grupos e ao longo do tempo (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas alterações significativas nos diâmetros das veias safenas parva (porções superior, média e inferior: p = 0,80, 0,32 e 0,20, respectivamente), magna em nível da perna (p = 0,17, 0,74 e 0,96) e magna em nível da coxa (p = 0,57, 0,67 e 0,52). CONCLUSÃO: A prática do exercício com sobrecargas musculares pode ser considerada um meio de intervenção ou tratamento, uma vez que não promoveu alterações no diâmetro venoso de mulheres que apresentaram insuficiência venosa crônica nos membros inferiores.

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Purpose. Active video games (AVG) provide an attractive alternative to sedentary behaviours and may bring some health benefits. However, single-session and chronic cardiovascular effects of AVG remain unclear. the aim of this study was to verify the impact of single-session and 4-week virtual functional training on cardiovascular responses in normotensive adults. Methods. In a pre-experimental study, 8 university students performed a 30-minute AVG session (Nike Kinect training® game) at the intensity of 64% (based on heart rate [HR]) and twice a week for 4 weeks (8 sessions). HR and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured immediately and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after each session. A generalized estimating equation model and t-test were used to examine changes in cardiovascular responses over time (p < 0.05). Effect size was calculated by Cohen's d. Results. A single session did not promote post-exercise hypotension (PEH). However, SBP (6.6-9.0 mm Hg) and DBP (4.5-5.5 mm Hg) decreased in 3/8 and 2/8 sessions, respectively. In pre/post-intervention comparisons at rest, small to large reduction effects were found for SBP (-3.0 mm Hg, d = 0.3), DBP (-4.7 mm Hg, d = 0.6), HR (-9 bpm, d = 0.8), and double product (-1389.3 mm Hg × bpm, d = 1.6). Conclusions. Virtual functional training reduced cardiac workload (chronic effect) and promoted PEH in some sessions among normotensive adults. these findings have practical applications for improving physical activity with attractive exercise forms, which should be recommended for healthy people.