Supplementation with CLA and SAF exerted different effects on BMI, total and trunk adipose mass, and lean tissue mass in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Supplementation with these dietary oils may be beneficial for weight loss, glycemic control, or both.
Background & Aims
Metabolic effects of dietary fat quality in people with type 2 diabetes are not well-understood. The study objective was to evaluate effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower (SAF) oils on glycemia, blood lipids, and inflammation. The hypothesis we tested is SAF oil improves glycemic and inflammatory markers in a time dependent way that follows accumulation of linoleic acid and CLA isomers in serum of subjects supplemented with dietary oils.
Methods
Fifty-five post-menopausal, obese women with type 2 diabetes enrolled, and 35 completed this randomized, double-masked crossover study. Treatments were eight grams daily of CLA and SAF for 16 weeks each. We used a multiple testing procedure with predetermined step analysis to determine when the earliest time to effect was significant.
Results
CLA did not alter measured metabolic parameters. SAF decreased HbA1c (−0.64±0.18%, p<0.0007) and C-reactive protein (−13.6±8.2mg/L, p<0.0472), increased QUICKI (0.0077±0.0035, p<0.0146) with a minimum time to effect observed 16 weeks after treatment. SAF increased HDL cholesterol (0.12±0.05mmol/L, p<0.0228) with the minimum time to detect an effect of SAF at 12 weeks. The minimum time to detect an increase of c9t11-CLA, t10c12-CLA and linoleic acid in serum of women supplemented CLA or SAF respectively was four weeks.
Conclusions
We conclude that eight grams of SAF daily improved glycemia, inflammation, and blood lipids indicating that small changes in dietary fat quality may augment diabetes treatments to improve risk factors for diabetes-related complications.
Post‐menopausal women are at risk for weight gain and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces fat mass in mice, but results in humans have been inconsistent. In a 36‐ week controlled, double masked, crossover study we sought to determine if CLA reduces body weight and alters body composition. Fifty‐ five subjects were randomized into two groups, receiving 6.4 g mixed isomer CLA and 1.6 g safflower oil (SAF) or 8.0g SAF daily Analysis of results at individual 5% level of significance were as follows. Mean body weight loss in the CLA group was 0.48 ±0.23 kg in diet period one (DP1) and 0.42± 0.19 kg in diet period two (DP2). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower with CLA compared to SAF during both diet periods, with a trend toward weight loss after 8 weeks of supplementation. Body fat mass (BFM) was significantly lower in the CLA group without changes in lean body mass (LBM). SAF did not affect BFM, while SAF increased LBM in both diet periods. There was no evidence of change in sagittal abdominal diameter or waist‐ to‐ hip ratio, indexes of visceral obesity. The changes in BMI and BFM were not associated with dietary energy intake. Reports of adverse events did not differ between groups. In conclusion, CLA given at a dose of 6.4g/day over a 16 week period causes a significant reduction in BMI and BFM while preserving LBM in obese postmenopausal women with T2DM. Supported by Cognis GmbH
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