It is common to use motorised and non-motorised treadmills in settings with space constraints for a . This test used manual methods which are susceptible to errors. It is believed that automated techniques could eliminate the shortcomings, but this approach was not proposed by any studies. This study presented and analysed the validity of a newly-developed automated infrared-based treadmill walking monitoring system (iTMS), which as specifically designed to measure the distance and characteristics for the walk performance of a non-motorised treadmill 6MWT (nMT6MWT). This study selected 20 subjects for: The validity testing of the iTMS walked distance at five different speeds dictated by metronome beats for 2-minute and at a self-paced speed with intermittent rests for 6-minute, and the characterisation of 6-minute walk performance for distance, speed, acceleration, walking segments, and resting events. The iTMS measured distances were consistently accurate for the varying speeds during the 2-minute walk session. For the 6-minute walk en bloc and its three segments, the difference in distance (Δd) between iTMS (d iTMS ) and camera recording method (d CRM ) showed positive biases with small LOA95% in Bland-Altman plot. The iTMS has an accurate distance measurement with ± 0.20% error of d CRM for en bloc 6-minute walk can characterise the resting events of 0.5 s and more. The iTMS is considered a viable automated method for monitoring distance and characterising nMT6MWT. It also showed the potential in addressing technical errors which may be inherent in manual 6MWT data collection methods. ABSTRAKTreadmil bermotor dan tidak bermotor lazim digunakan untuk mengendalikan ujian berjalan 6-minit (6MWT) dalam set berkekangan ruang. Ujian ini menggunakan kaedah manual yang terdedah kepada ralat. Teknik automatik mungkin dapat mengatasi kekurangan tersebut, akan tetapi, pendekatan ini belum pernah diusulkan. Kajian ini membentangkan dan mengkaji validasi sistem pemantauan berjalan atas treadmil berasaskan sensor inframerah automatik (iTMS), yang direka untuk mengukur jarak dan mencirikan prestasi berjalan atas treadmil tidak bermotor bagi 6MWT (nMT6MWT). Kajian ini telah memilih 20 subjek untuk: ujian validasi jarak berjalan iTMS pada lima kelajuan yang berbeza yang ditentukan oleh rentak metronom selama 2-minit dan pada kelajuan kendiri dan hentian berjeda untuk tempoh 6-minit, dan pencirian prestasi berjalan selama 6-minit bagi jarak, kelajuan, pecutan, segmen berjalan dan insiden berehat. Jarak yang diukur iTMS didapati tepat dan konsisten untuk kelajuan yang berbeza untuk sesi berjalan 2-minit. Bagi sesi berjalan 6-minit en bloc dan tiga segmen, perbezaan jarak (Δd) antara iTMS (d iTMS ) dan kaedah rakaman kamera (d CRM ) menunjukkan bias positif dengan LOA95% yang kecil pada plot Bland-Altman. iTMS mempunyai kejituan pengukuran jarak dengan ralat ± 0.20% berbanding dengan dCRM bagi sesi 6-minit en bloc, dan menunjukkan keupayaan mencirikan insiden rehat bertempoh 0.5 s dan ke atas. iTMS merupakan kaedah automatik yang...
[Purpose] This study examined how incremental cardiorespiratory exercise may affect the speech rate and Counting Talk Test (CTT)-estimated exercise intensity. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-four healthy adults performed the CTT while exercising on a treadmill at 6 stages of incremental exercise ranging from 40% to 85% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Each participant started walking on the treadmill at 3 to 4 km/h and 0% elevation to warm up. The increments of treadmill grades were adjusted until targeted heart rates corresponding to the percentages of HRR were reached. Then, the participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion while the treadmill grades were maintained for 2-minutes bouts of each exercise stage. At the last minute of the exercise stage, the CTT was performed within a single breath. [Results] The speech rates in the CTT appeared to vary significantly during exercise. Moreover, the CTT-estimated exercise intensity showed significant reductions at several exercise stages. [Conclusion] The CTT estimates exercise intensity semi-quantitatively throughout incremental exercise. However, moderate and vigorous intensities could not be significantly delineated by the current CTT method. This could be due to the variability in speech rates that were indicated as the exercise progressed.
PurposeWhen utilizing breathing for speech, the rate and volume of inhalation, as well as the rate of exhalation during the utterance, seem to be largely governed by the speech-controlling system and its requirements with respect to phrasing, loudness, and articulation. However, since the Talk Test represents a non-standardized form of assessment of exercise intensity estimation, this study aimed to compare the utterance rate and the estimated exercise intensity using a newly introduced time-controlled monosyllabic Talk Test (tMTT) versus a self-paced Counting Talk Test (CTT) across incremental exercise stages and examined their associations with the exercise physiological measures.MethodsTwenty-four participants, 10 males and 14 females (25 ± 4.0 yr; 160 ± 10 cm; 62 ± 14.5 kg) performed two sessions of submaximal cardiorespiratory exercise at incremental heart rate reserve (HRR) stages ranging from 40 to 85% of HRR: one session was performed with a currently available CTT that was affixed to a wall in front of the participants, and the other session was conducted with a tMTT with a 1-s inter-stimulus interval that was displayed from a tablet. In each session, the participants performed six stages of exercise at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 85% HRR on a treadmill and were also asked to rate their perceived exertion based on Borg’s 6 to 20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) at each exercise stage.ResultsThe newly designed tMTT significantly delineated all the six stages of incremental exercise (p ≤ 0.017), while CTT could only delineate exercise stages at 60, 80, and 85% HRR. However, in estimations of exercise intensity, the tMTT demonstrated only moderate associations with HRR and Borg’s RPE, similarly to the CTT.ConclusionIf the purpose of exercise monitoring is to detect the intensity of light, moderate, and vigorous exercise intensity, the tMTT could be more universally applicable. However, due to its larger variability of speech rate across exercise intensities, the time-regulated approach may alter the speech breathing characteristics of the exercising individuals in other ways that should be investigated in future research.
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