Subject. Facial aesthetics is an important motivating factor for many patients seeking orthodontic treatment. An aesthetically pleasing and balanced face is one of the objectives of orthodontic treatment. An understanding of the soft tissues and their normal ranges enables a treatment plan to be formulated to normalize the facial traits for a given individual. Aim. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the use of soft tissue analysis in the quantification of facial profile, and to investigate differences between different ethnic and gender groups. Methodology. A number of studies considered on various aspects of facial measurements in orthodontics. Results. Skeletal, dental and facial profile differences exist, when subjects from distinct ethnic groups are compared. Thus, each group should be evaluated differently, considering their racial characteristics, in order to produce better diagnosis and treatment planning. The necessity and acceptability of teeth extraction during orthodontic treatment and its effects on facial profile, has greatly concerned orthodontists for many years and has not lost its urgency till now. However, the definition of an attractive and pleasing face is subjective, with many factors involved (culture, personality, ethnic background, age). On the other hand, several medical specialties (orthognathic and plastic surgery, orthodontics, dental prosthetics) have the ability to change facial features. Hence, there is a need for clinicians working in the maxillofacial area to know the aesthetic standards of a face that guide the aesthetic soft tissue treatment goals in their patients. Conclusion: It will be useful to conduct investigations for further definitions and observations of correlated relationship between hard and soft tissues of maxillofacial system by taking into consideration: the patient's age at time of treatment, type of anomaly, differences in maxillofacial anatomical structures of various ethnic groups.
Object. This article deals with the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with HIV infection. As in the whole world, and in Armenia, there is a constant increase in the incidence of HIV infection, which in recent years has become the most important sociological problem of our time. The most important result of the study of caries for many years was the recognition that the emergence, development and wide dissemination of it is in direct connection with the civilization of society, especially with the most important factor - the modification of diet and nutrition in general, as well as the emergence of all new infections. The purpose of the study was to study the prevalence of caries and assess the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with HIV infection. Methodology. A total of 40 patients with HIV infection (3 women and 37 men) aged 24 to 68 years who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the medical center "Armenicum" ZAO and infectious clinical hospital "Nork" in Yerevan in 2018 were examined. The control group of practically healthy persons was 45 people aged from 25 to 65 who applied to the dental clinic N1 of YSMU. Immunodeficiency promotes the development of CDW, in particular, gingivitis of ulcerative necrotic form and periodontitis of severe form, which are established in 90.5% of patients. Results. Examination of patients with HIV infection showed that the most frequent complaints were against unpleasant breathlessness in the mouth (57.9%), bleeding gums I, II, III degree - 74.3%, 60.3%, 47.8%, respectively, abnormal mobility of teeth in 39.5% of patients . Conclusions. Thus, the higher prevalence of caries, which increases with age, which reaches the maximum values in patients with HIV infection not receiving HAART -90.5% and 97%. The intensity of caries in the KPU index in each age group in patients with HIV infection is significantly higher than in the control group.
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