a b s t r a c tGennakers are lightweight and flexible sails, used for downwind sailing configurations. Qualities sought for this kind of sail are propulsive force and dynamic stability. To simulate accurately the flow surrounding a sail, several problems need to be solved. Firstly, the structural code has to take into account cloth behavior, orientation and reinforcements. Moreover, wrinkles need to be taken into account through modeling or fine enough discretization. Secondly, the fluid solver needs to reproduce the atmospheric boundary layer as an input boundary condition, and be able to simulate separation. Thirdly, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is strongly coupled due to the lightness and the flexibility of the structure. The added mass is three orders of magnitude greater than the mass of the sail, and large structural displacement occur, which makes the coupling between the two solvers difficult to achieve. Finally, the problem is unsteady, and dynamic trimming is important to the simulation of gennakers (Graf and Renzsch, 2006). As the FSI procedure is detailed in Durand (2012), the present work is rather focused on its application to downwind sail stability.The main objective of this paper is to use numerical simulations to model gennakers, in order to predict both propulsive force and sail dynamic stability. Recent developments from Durand (2012) are used to solve these problems mentioned earlier, using a finite element structural analysis program dedicated to sails and rig simulations coupled with an unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANSE) solver. The FSI coupling is done through a partitioned approach with quasi-monolithic properties. An arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation is used, hence the fluid mesh follows the structural deformation while keeping the same topology. The fluid mesh deformation is carried out with a fast, robust and parallelized method based on the propagation of the deformation state of the sail boundary fluid faces (Durand et al., 2010).Tests were realized on a complete production chain: a sail designer from Incidences-Sails has designed two different shapes of an IMOCA60 gennaker with the SailPack software. An automatic procedure was developed to transfer data from Sailpack to a structure input file taking into account the orientation of sailcloth and reinforcements. The same automatic procedure is used for both gennakers, in order to compare dynamic stability and propulsion forces. A new method is then developed to quantify the practical stability of a downwind sail.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the early career values and individual factors of objective career success among graduates from a top-tier French business school. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a quantitative analysis of 629 graduates classified in three job markets according to income: the traditional business market, the alternative market and the high-potential business market. The graduation dates span a period of 12 years before the 2008 Recession. Findings The findings suggest that membership of each job market is associated with distinct early career values (when choosing/leaving the first job). Moreover, the authors confirm that the presence of a mentor, international experience, job-hopping and gender, all affect objective career success. Practical implications The paper discusses implications for business career development and higher business education. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the identification of the individual factors of objective career success among French business graduates and the links between objective career success and early career values.

International audiencePurpose Two complementary objectives are addressed in this article. First, several studies are introduced based on the assumption that organizational change is now excessive. We propose an operational definition to change excessiveness, and we assess whether it is a generalized phenomenon at a societal level. Second, these studies are habitually mobilizing coping theories to address their purpose. However, an integrated model of coping, including appraisals and coping reactions toward change is still to be tested. Thus, our assessment is anchored in an application of the Stimulus-Response Theory of Coping. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study is conducted by administering questionnaires to a nation-wide representative sample (n = 1002). Anderson and Gerbing (1991) two-step approach is used to validate the study and tests its hypothesized model. Change excessiveness is measured in order to observe if it’s a generalized phenomenon in the working population. Its effects on coping are modelled through the fully mediated Stimulus-Response Theory of Coping (SRTC). Therefore, our hypothetical model predicted that the relationships between the perception of excessive change contexts and negative coping reactions is fully mediated by negative appraisals toward change contexts. Findings Perceptions of excessive change is a normally distributed and a statistically centralized phenomenon. As hypothesized, an SEM test of the SRTC shows a full mediation effect of negative appraisal between change intensity and negative coping to change. Originality/value This article empirically tests a nation-wide sample where organizational change may be too excessive for individuals' positive coping. It is the first to generalize the observation of change excessiveness as perceived by employees to a nation-wide level. Moreover, it addresses the gap between change excessiveness and coping theories in modelling the Stimulus-Response Theory of Coping through its three components: event, appraisals, and coping reactions. Finally, it presents managerial discussions toward the strategic necessity for organizational change and its potential "too-much-of-a-good-thing" effect

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the documents which have had the greatest impact on the Journal of Organizational Change Management (JOCM) articles and to analyze the evolution of the intellectual structure of the journal.Design/methodology/approachA knowledge‐stock analysis is performed to assess major trends of the JOCM. A bibliometric study is then conducted thanks to citation and co‐citation analysis about the documents which are the most cited by the articles published in the JOCM (between 1995 and 2011).FindingsThrough the results of their analysis, the authors: describe the growing stock of knowledge of the JOCM over time; identify the documents having the strongest influence on the JOCM articles; and pinpoint the evolution of the intellectual structure of the journal.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the sample of retained articles seems representative of the JOCM publication efforts, the data set presents some limitations. There are also some limits inherent to the research design and to the bibliometric methods. The intention of the present research is to give a quantitative overview of the intellectual evolution of the journal.Practical implicationsGrasping the intellectual development of the JOCM enables researchers and practitioners to better understand how issues are being approached by authors who publish in this journal. It also stimulates the scholarly debate.Originality/valueThis knowledge‐stock and bibliometric study is the first to be concerned with the JOCM.