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The manuscript was received on 12 February 2010 and was accepted after revision for publication on 4 January 2011. DOI: 10.1177/0954407011398177Abstract: A mean-value model of a diesel engine with a variable-geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is developed, parameterized, and validated. The intended model applications are system analysis, simulation, and development of modelbased control systems. The goal is to construct a model that describes the gas flow dynamics including the dynamics in the manifold pressures, turbocharger, EGR, and actuators with few states in order to obtain short simulation times. An investigation of model complexity and descriptive capabilities is performed, resulting in a model that has only eight states. A Simulink implementation including a complete set of parameters of the model are available for download. To tune and validate the model, stationary and dynamic measurements have been performed in an engine laboratory. All the model parameters are estimated automatically using weighted least-squares optimization and it is shown that it is important to tune both the submodels and the complete model and not only the submodels or not only the complete model. In static and dynamic validations of the entire model, it is shown that the mean relative errors are 5.8 per cent or lower for all measured variables. The validations also show that the proposed model captures the system properties that are important for control design, i.e. a non-minimum phase behaviour in the channel EGR valve to the intake manifold pressure and a non-minimum phase behaviour, an overshoot, and a sign reversal in the VGT to the compressor mass flow channel, as well as couplings between channels.

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Turbo charged SI engines are a major possibility in the current trend of down-sized engines with preserved drivability performance. Considering control and supervision it is favorable to have a mean value model to be used e.g. in observer design. Such models of turbo engines are similar to those of naturally aspirated engines, but there are some special characteristics, e.g. the interconnected gas flows, the intercooler, the difference in relative sizes between the gas volumes (compared to naturally aspirated engines), the turbo, and the waste gate. Here, a model is developed with a strategy to find a model for each engine component (air filter, compressor, after cooler (or intercooler), throttle, engine, turbine, waste gate, and a lumped model for the catalyst and exhaust) as they behave in an engine setting. When investigating agreement with measured data and sensitivity of possible model structures, a number of interesting issues are raised. The experiments and the model validation have been performed on a Saab 2.3 l production engine.

a b s t r a c tA benchmark control problem was developed for a special session of the IFAC Workshop on Engine and Powertrain Control, Simulation and Modeling (E-COSM 12), held in Rueil-Malmaison, France, in October 2012. The online energy management of a plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle was to be developed by the benchmark participants. The simulator, provided by the benchmark organizers, implements a model of the GM Voltec powertrain. Each solution was evaluated according to several metrics, comprising of energy and fuel economy on two driving profiles unknown to the participants, acceleration and braking performance, computational performance. The nine solutions received are analyzed in terms of the control technique adopted (heuristic rule-based energy management vs. equivalent consumption minimization strategies, ECMS), battery discharge strategy (charge depleting-charge sustaining vs. blended mode), ECMS implementation (vector-based vs. map-based), ways to improve the implementation and improve the computational performance. The solution having achieved the best combined score is compared with a global optimal solution calculated offline using the Pontryagin's minimum principlederived optimization tool HOT.