ResumoEsse estudo tem como objetivo descrever fatores neuropsicológicos associados a condutas autolesivas, com base em revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através de bases de dados eletrônicas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. O instrumento foi uma ficha com informações referentes a cada artigo. Foram encontrados 59 artigos e 21 (36%) atendiam aos critérios para inclusão na amostra, que foram: artigos publicados em português ou inglês entre 2000 e 2009, disponíveis publicamente ou através do portal Periódicos Capes. Dificuldades relacionadas a resolução de problemas e tomada de decisões (38%); impulsividade (24%); regulação emocional (21%) e estresse psicológico (17%) foram fatores associados à autolesão. Os resultados sugerem correlação entre condutas autolesivas e problemas nos circuitos pré-frontais, envolvidos nos mecanismos neurais das funções citadas. Palavras-chave: Conduta autolesiva, Neuropsicologia, córtex pré-frontal. AbstractThis study aims to describe neuropsychological factors associated to self-injurious behavior based on an integrative literature review of papers accessed through electronic databases in the Virtual Healthcare Library. As instrument, we used information forms for each paper. A total of 59 papers were found and 21 (36%) matched inclusion criterion: publication in Portuguese or English from 2000 to 2009 publicly available or available at CAPES Portal of Electronic Scientific Journals. Difficulties related to functions such as problem solving and decision making abilities (38%), impulsiveness (24%), emotional regulation (21%) and psychological stress (17%) were associated to self-harm. Results suggest that problems in pre-frontal circuits of the brain may be related to self-harm, since they are involved in the mechanisms of the mentioned neural functions.
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