Ground-based/terrestrial radar interferometry (GBRI) is a scientific topic of increasing interest in recent years. This article is a bibliographic review, as much complete as possible, of the scientific papers/articles published in the last 20 years, since the pioneering works in the nineties. Some statistics are reported here about the number of publications in the years, popularity of applications, operative modalities, operative bands. The aim of this review is also to identify directions and perspectives. In the opinion of authors, this type of radar systems will move forward faster modulations, wider view angle, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems and radar with capability to detect the vector of displacement and not only a single component.
ArcSAR is a ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) that has recently been receiving increasing interest in the scientific literature. While the conventional GBSAR exploits the movement of an antenna along a linear rail to synthesize a large aperture, an ArcSAR exploits the spatial diversity of the data acquired by an antenna fixed to a rotating arm. The great advantage of ArcSAR is its capability to synthesize images at 360°with a constant resolution in azimuth. In this paper, the authors propose and test a new focusing algorithm that does not require to operate in the far field and neither with narrow beam antennas; moreover, it is flexible enough to focus on any plane (not necessarily on the rotation plane) as well as in the whole 3-D space. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that ArcSAR images can be affected by a "defocusing effect" of the targets far from the rotation plane, which has to be taken into consideration when designing such radars.
GBSAR (Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar) systems are popular remote sensing instruments for detecting ground changes of slopes, and small displacements of large structures as bridges, dams, construction works. These radars are able to provide maps of displacement along range direction only. In this letter the authors propose to use a transponder for operating a conventional linear GBSAR as a bistatic radar with the aim to acquire two different components of the displacement of the targets in the field of view.
The authors propose an interferometric multiple-input multiple-output radar specifically designed for monitoring/testing bridges. It makes use of compressive sensing and synthetic aperture radar techniques for providing coherent images of its field of view. The radar prototype has been tested in controlled environment and in operative conditions during the static test of a pedestrian bridge.
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