Microwave curing technology has been widely used in resin and its composite materials. In order to study its effect for curing unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filler, this paper first investigated the influence of microwave power and microwave irradiation time on the curing characteristics of UPR. Then, CaCO3 particles were added to the UPR to investigate the microwave curing effect of the UPR composites containing the CaCO3. The results showed that microwave irradiation could heat the UPR sample evenly, and rapidly cause the chain growth reaction, thus greatly shortening the curing time. The curing degree and products of the samples after microwave curing were consistent with that of the thermal curing. The addition of CaCO3 particles could increase the heating rate of the UPR composites, which would accelerate the curing rate of the UPR. However, higher microwave power could lead to pore defects inside the UPR composites with higher CaCO3 content, resulting in a lower strength. Thus, the compactness of the samples should be improved by reducing the microwave power and prolonging the microwave treatment time.
In this article, aiming at the problems of low mechanical properties and the unstable structure of the binder in inorganic artificial stone, performance improvements were studied. The effects of 12 materials of blast-furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA), and kaolin on the properties and microstructure of inorganic binders were systematically studied and analyzed. As a result, the compressive strength of BFS-2, FA-1, and FA-2 binder was increased by 10.0, 6.0, and 1.5%, and the flexural strength was increased by 44.8, 79.2, and 1.3%, respectively. It was worth noting that BFS and FA could effectively promote hydration reactions due to active materials and boost the growth of C–S–H and CH, leading to the inorganic binder forming a stable structure. Thus, this work systematically designs and prepares inorganic binders with high compressive strength and excellent flexural strength. This reveals how inorganic materials affect the properties of inorganic binders on the microstructure and offer a new idea for the development of this field.
Lignin was used as the carbon source to synthesize carbon-based solid acid catalyst via carbonization-sulfonation process under different carbonization temperatures. The properties of the solid acid catalysts were examined by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, EA, N2 adsorption–desorption,
and SEM. The analysis results revealed that the change in the carbonization temperatures can lead to the catalyst with different surface area, acid density and thermal properties; the catalytic activity of solid acid catalysts on the lignin pyrolysis was also investigated. By exploring the
pyrolysis conditions, a maximum bio-oil yield of 45.7% was gained at 295 °C with 0.075 g catalyst fabricated at the carbonization temperature of 520 °C. The compositions and performance of bio-oil obtained from lignin pyrolysis were studied comparatively by GC-MS, H1NMR, and EA. Furthermore,
the catalytic mechanism was sketched.
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