Watermelon plays an important role in Brazilian agribusiness. The objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation managements and water salinity levels, on the main productive and postharvest characteristics of mini-watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. ‘Sugar Baby’. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two types of irrigation management (conventional and pulse) and four saline levels of nutrient solution of fertigation (2.5; 4.5; 5.5; 6.5 dS m-1). The control treatment corresponded to the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution prepared with local supply water. The irrigation depth was calculated by the product of reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficient. The number of pulses were defined and fractionated according to the atmospheric demand. The salinity of the fertigation solution affects some variables of the production, but does not reduce the quality of the mini-fruit cv. ‘Sugar Baby’. The management of pulse irrigation shows better results in low salinity, while conventional drip management is more suitable for high salinity (6.5 dS m-1).
Irregularity or shortage of rainfall in semi-arid regions forces farmers to use low-quality water to irrigate crops. The present study aimed to assess the water-use efficiency and post-harvest quality of ‘Sugar Baby’ mini watermelon in response to different electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution [2.5 (control), 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1], in a floating hydroponic system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. The water consumption, production and water-use efficiency were evaluated, as well as qualitative and physico-chemical variables of the fruits. The total water consumption of the plants during the crop cycle varied between 43 (6.5 dS m-1) and 54 (2.5 dS m-1) L plant-1 among the treatments, with water-use efficiency of 0.031 kg L-1. The greatest reductions due to the nutrient solution salinity were observed for the rind thickness and fruit mass (8.80 and 5.69 %, respectively, per unit increase in dS m-1). The salinity of the nutrient solution did not influence the soluble solids content and fruit maturity index, but it had a negative effect on the pH and titratable acidity.
ASPECTOS BIOQUÍMICOS E FLUORESCÊNCIA DA CLOROFILA A EM PLANTAS DE MINIMELANCIA HIDROPÔNICA SOB ESTRESSE SALINO* LAÍS MONIQUE GOMES DO Ó1, ALIDE MITSUE WATANABE COVA2, PETTERSON COSTA CONCEIÇÃO SILVA3, HANS RAJ GHEYI4, ANDRÉ DIAS DE AZEVEDO NETO5, ROGÉRIO FERREIRA RIBAS6 1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil laisnique@hotmail.com. 2Pós-Doutoranda no Programa de Pós-graduação de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, alidewatanabe@yahoo.com.br. 3Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, petter.ufrb@gmail.com. 4Professor Visitante, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, hgheyi@gmail.com. 5Professor Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, andre@ufrb.edu.br. 6Professor Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, s/n, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil, ecofisiologia@gmail.com. *Este artigo é proveniente da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor. 1 RESUMO A salinidade é um dos principais estresses abióticos que induz distúrbios bioquímicos e fisiológicos em diversas culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da salinidade da solução nutritiva (CEsol) sobre a produção, acúmulo de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos e fluorescência da clorofila a em plantas de minimelancia cv. Sugar Baby. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico com cinco níveis de CEsol: 2,5; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5 e 6,5 dS m-1. Foram avaliados: massa do fruto, biomassa da parte aérea, teores de clorofilas a e b, fluorescência da clorofila a e teores de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos. A massa do fruto e a biomassa seca da parte aérea foram influenciadas negativamente pela CEsol. Houve redução na concentração de carboidratos solúveis totais, aminoácidos livres, proteínas solúveis e prolina livre com o aumento da CEsol. Os íons sódio, cloreto e razão sódio/potássio aumentaram com a salinidade e os teores de potássio foram reduzidos. O incremento da salinidade aumentou linearmente o teor de clorofila b e reduziu linearmente o rendimento quântico da conversão de energia fotoquímica do FSII promovendo um ligeiro aumento no rendimento quântico da perda de energia regulada do FSII. Palavras-chaves: biomassa, carboidratos, íons tóxicos, estresse abiótico. Ó, L. M. G.; COVA, A. M. W.; SILVA, P. C. C.; GHEYI, H. R.; AZEVEDO NETO, A. D. de; RIBAS, R. F. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS AND CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE IN HYDROPONIC MINI WATERMELON PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS 2 ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses that induce biochemical and physiological disorders in diverse crops. This study investigated the effects of nutrient solution salinity (ECsol) on production, accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes and chlorophyl a fluorescence in mini watermelon plants cv. Sugar Baby. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The plants were grown in a hydroponic system with five levels of ECsol: 2.5; 3.5; 4.5; 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1. The variables evaluated were the mass of the fruit, the biomass of the aerial parts, contents of chlorophylls a and b, fluorescence of chlorophyll a, and contents of organic and inorganic solutes. The mass of the fruit and dry biomass of the aerial parts was negatively influenced by ECsol. There was a reduction in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, free amino acids, soluble proteins and free proline with the increase in ECsol. The sodium, chloride and sodium/potassium ratio increased with ECsol and potassium levels were reduced. The increase in ECsol linearly increased the chlorophyll b content and reduced the quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion of the PSII promoting a slight increase in the quantum yield of the regulated energy loss of the PSII. Keywords: abiotic stress, biomass, carbohydrates, toxic ions.
RESUMOO manejo inadequado da irrigação tem causado a salinização dos solos, provocando reduções nas características morfológicas das culturas em geral. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o comportamento morfológico de duas cultivares de feijão-caupi. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos a céu aberto, na área experimental da Estação Agrometeorológica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas (Split-plot), onde os níveis de salinidade foram distribuídos nas parcelas (S1= 0,7 dS m -1 ; S2= 1,5 dS m -1 ; S3= 3,0 dS m -1 ; S4= 4,5 dS m -1 ; S5= 6,0 dS m -1 ), e nas subparcelas as cultivares (Epace 10 e BRS Itaim). As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e área foliar, carboidratos solúveis totais, Naminossolúveis e prolina livre. A cultivar Epace 10 apresenta maior tolerância em relação a cultivar Itaim para as variáveis altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, carboidratos solúveis totais e N -aminossoluveis. A cultivar BRS Itaim apresentou maior concentração do teor de prolina frente à imposição do estresse salino. Palavras-chave:Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp., características morfológicas, estresse salino GROWTH AND ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF COWPEA SUBMITTED TO SALINITY LEVELS OF IRRIGATION WATER ABSTRACTThe inadequate management of irrigation has caused soil salinization, causing reductions in the morphological characteristics of crops in general. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on the morphological behavior of two cowpea cultivars. The experiment was conducted in open air vessels, in the
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