Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 15-year-old adolescents in north-west Russia between 2007 and 2008. Study design. A cross-sectional study. Methods. In total, 352 adolescents at the age of 15 were selected at random from 3 urban and 4 rural areas in the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 53.4% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 level by a single calibrated examiner and was estimated as a sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Results. The prevalence of caries was 91.8% with a mean DMFT of 4.92. On average, there were 2.61 decayed, 0.13 missing and 2.18 filled teeth per participant. No gender differences in the prevalence of caries in any of the settings or in the full sample were observed. In urban areas, the average number of decayed teeth was lower (2.15 vs. 2.95, p=0.006), while the number of filled teeth was greater (2.71 vs. 1.79, p<0.001) than in rural areas. Conclusions. Under assumption of the representativeness of the sample, no improvements in the overall caries prevalence among 15-year-old children in the Arkhangelsk region occurred since 1997-1998. Urban-rural variations, but not gender variations, in caries experience were observed. The levels are considerably higher than those in neighbouring Nordic countries and the Russian average. Urgent public health measures on both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation. (Int J Circumpolar Health 2011; 70(3):232-235)

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Aim: to assess the prevalence and experience of caries among 10-14 years old children in the Nenets Autonomous Area (Arctic Russia) in relation to mineral composition of drinking water and socio-demographic factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study. Altogether, 308 schoolchildren were examined using standard WHO methodology. Caries experience was presented as a sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Samples of drinking water were taken. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT were presented with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-squared tests. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for numeric data. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to study associations between mineral components of drinking water and MDFT. Results. The prevalence of caries was 72.4 % (95 % CI: 67.2-77.1) with the mean DMFT of 3.46 (95 % CI: 3.13-3.79) % with no gender difference. On average, there were 1.28 (95 % CI: 1.07-1.49) decayed, 0.05 (95 % CI: 0.02-0.09) missing and 2.13 (95 % CI: 1.84-2.4) % filled teeth. Nenets children living in rural areas had lower DMFT-index compared to children from the boarding school and from urban areas (p < 0.001). Russian children from the boarding school had more decayed (p < 0.001) and missing (p < 0.001) teeth than rural and urban children. Weak inverse association (rs = -0.12; p = 0.031) was observed between nitrite-ion concentration and caries experience. Conclusions. No association was found between the mineral components of the drinking water and DMFT except for the nitrite-ion. Significant geographical variation is caries experience were observed. Moreover, mean values for the components of the DMFT-index varied between ethnicities.

Introduction: Russians residing in rural areas, particularly in the north, have poorer health in general and lower life expectancy compared with urban residents. Little is known about dental health in the north of Russia, given that the last national oral health survey was performed more than 10 years ago. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 6-year-old children in a remote region in Northwest Russia. Methods: In total, 532 children aged 6 years were recruited in 5 randomly selected rural and urban settings of the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 50.8% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 (cavitation) level by a single calibrated examiner. The prevalence of caries was calculated as the number of children with at least one affected tooth (decayed or missing or filled) divided by the number of examined children x 100% with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Caries experience was estimated using a sum of decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft index) and presented as means and 95% CIs. Dichotomous and continuous data were analysed using χ² and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. Results: The prevalence of caries was 93.4% (95% CI: 90.9-95.2) with a mean dmft of 6.71 (95%CI: 6.37-7.04). On average, there were 5.48 (95% CI: 5.16-5.80) decayed, 0.44 (95% CI: 0.37-0.51) missing and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.91) filled teeth. Although the overall caries experience was similar in rural and in urban areas (6.52 vs 6.41, p=0.742), the number of decayed teeth in rural areas was greater (5.94 vs 4.91, p=0.001). Moreover, there were fewer missing teeth (0.31 vs 0.59, p<0.001) and filled teeth (0.45 vs 1.19, p<0.001) in rural areas. Boys had a greater number of affected teeth than girls (7.12 vs 6.32, p=0.023). Conclusions: The levels of both caries prevalence and caries experience in the region exceeded the Russian average and corresponding levels in most European countries. Both urban-rural and sex variations in caries experience and its components were © MA Gorbatova, LN Gorbatova, MU Pastbin, AM Grjibovski, 2012. A licence to publish this material has been given to James Cook University, http://www.rrh.org.au 2 observed. Urgent preventive dental public health measures on both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation.

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Relevance. Dental trauma prevalence is high among children. Treatment of intrusive luxation, where the choice of treatment technique depends on the root formation stage, is of particular interest.Clinical case description. The article presents the treatment results of an 8-year-old patient with mixed dentition. The patient was diagnosed with an intrusive luxation of teeth 1.1, 2.1, soft tissue contusion, and fracture of the maxillary alveolar process.Thirteen days after the injury, we started the orthodontic treatment with a bracket system (ROTH 018 Micro-Sprint) placed on the upper teeth, controlled by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Arches and elastics were consecutively changed during the treatment. In nine and a half months, teeth 1.1 and 2.1 were extruded. Functional and aesthetic parameters were restored. We assessed stability of the obtained result 18 months after the start of orthodontic treatment.Conclusion. The intrusive luxation treatment planning calls for a thorough history and diagnosis data comparison. The choice of non-surgical treatment without tooth extraction requires informing the patient about possible complications, treatment difficulties and long-term follow-up observation. The successful treatment outcome needs comprehensive patient management by a multidisciplinary team of a maxillofacial surgeon, pediatric dentist, orthodontist and other related specialists, if necessary.

In the present study, the current dental caries indices have been analyzed. The aim of the literature review was to evaluate and to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Different approaches to detection and registration of dental caries have been observed and discussed. Further development of cariol-ogy initiates creation of a uniform system of registration and evaluation of the caries disease, which can be useful in oral science, dental education and in dental practice.

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