Expression of IL-la and ft genes was studied in human blood PMN with close monitoring of the effects of contaminating mononuclear leukocytes (MNL). We provide evidence that PMN both transcribe and translate IL-la and ft genes after stimulation with LPS or IL-la. A combination of mouse thymocyte comitogen proliferation assay, ELISA, and immunocytochemistry was required to establish that IL-la and ft synthesis observed in preparations of PMN could not be accounted for by the low level of contaminating MNL. Synthesis of IL-l in PMN exceeded that of IL-la, but little or no IL-1a was released by PMN.Although increases in IL-1 mRNA after stimulation of PMN and MNL with LPS were similar, PMN were less efficient than MNL in translating IL-1 mRNA. In contrast, PMN and MNL IL-ia and P mRNAs were translated with equal efficiency in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, suggesting that synthesis of IL-1 in PMN is subject to some form of translational control.We conclude that PMN stimulated with LPS efficiently transcribe but inefficiently translate IL-1 genes relative to MNL. IL-1, transcription and translation predominates over that of IL-la, and IL-1# is the predominant IL-1 protein released by PMN. IL-1 can induce its own synthesis in PMN. (J.
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