Murine lymphocytes are relatively refractory to efficient transfection or retroviral gene transduction. Adenovirus has been used as a vector to transduce a wide variety of cell types. Several advantages of adenoviruses are their ability to transduce non-cycling cells and to transduce the majority of cells in a population. Unfortunately, lymphocytes are not susceptible to infection with conventional adenovirus. Therefore, to express genes efficiently in murine B cells, we tested the ability of genetically modified adenovirus to transduce the -galactosidase gene. We found that adenovirus containing polylysine in the fiber knob was able to efficiently transduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated splenic B cells and the B lymphoma line M12.4.1; greater than 80% of the cells expressed -galactosidase activity. However, small resting B cells did not express activity unless treated with LPS after infection. This transduction was mediated by inter-
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