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~/ A case of ulnar nerve entrapment in the cubital tunnel by persistent epitrochleoanconeus muscle is reported. The anatomy of the anomalous muscle is outlined, and previous cases are briefly summarized.KEY WORDS " ulnar nerve entrapment 9 cubital tunnel syndrome 9 epitrochleoanconeus muscle U LNAR nerve entrapment at the elbow is quite a frequent occurrence, and may be due to various factors, including trauma, osteoarthritis, occupational compressions, and deformity of the elbow. An unusual case of compression of the ulnar nerve by a persistent epitrochleoanconeus muscle is presented. Case ReportThis 17-year-old girl had a 3-month history of pain in the right elbow and medial part of the forearm. The pain was associated with paresthesias in the ulnar side of the palm, the little finger, and the ring finger, and the patient noticed a progressive difficulty in t'me movement. There was no history of specific trauma.Examination. The hypothenar and interossei muscles were wasted and weak, and the medial side of the palm and the last two fingers were numb. Electromyographic examination of the adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles demonstrated fibrillation potentials at rest, with reduced voluntary motor activity.Motor nerve conduction velocity was 75 m/see in the elbow-to-wrist portion of the ulnar nerve, 58 m/ sec in the axilla to elbow portion, and 16 m/see in the cubital groove. Sensory nerve conduction velocity was 63 m/see in the elbow-to-wrist portion, and 16 m/see across the elbow. Motor and sensory distal latencies were both normal.Operation. A small, partially fibrotic muscle was found in the medial cubital region. It joined the caput humerale with the caput uinare of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and covered the cubital groove. The anomalous muscle was identified as a persistent epitrochleoanconeus muscle. The muscle was detached from the olecranon, which revealed below it an ischemic compressed ulnar nerve (Fig. 1). Through the microscope, there appeared to be a rapid return of the circulation in the nerve with relief of the compression.Postoperative Course. One month later, neurological examination showed: 1) a persistent sensory deficit in the ulnar side of the palm and in the little fmger and ring finger; 2) persistent atrophy of the hypothenar eminence and interossei muscles; and 3) improvement of the fine finger movements. Electromyographic examination of the adductor pollicis, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles showed improvement of voluntary motor activity, particularly in the adductor pollicis. Motor conduction velocity in the cubital groove tract was 25 m/see. The value of 16 m/see of the sensory conduction velocity in the olecranon groove remained unchanged.

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Early traumatic epilepsy, whose frequency is rather high, especially in children, is usually characterized by focal motor seizures (57 %) or by generalized seizures (43 %). The association of both running and laughing fits in the same patient on the contrary is quite exceptional, as only three cases have been reported in literature. There are no observations about temporal lobe epilepsy, nor, particularly, about running or laughing fits in early traumatic epilepsy. We report here the interesting case of a boy whose early traumatic epilepsy manifested itself as temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by running and laughter.

Maximal conduction velocity in the supraorbital nerve (afferent fibers for the blink reflex) has been estimated in 12 normal subjects (on the right and left side): the mean value was 41 m/s. Furthermore, this investigation was made on 23 patients with different pathologies (9 with trigeminal neuralgia with hypoesthesia, 8 with multiple sclerosis, 6 with cerebellopontine angle tumor). Normal and pathological results are discussed and diagnostic prospects of this procedure evaluated.