In the article there are presented results of a study of the balance of food consumption by the population of the Voronezh region, the assessment of the level of contamination of food products and both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic and public health risk caused by this contamination. There was evaluated the level of nutrition-dependent diseases. A special feature of this study is a comparative analysis of data obtained during the two five-year periods of 1995-1999 and 2010-2014, that permitted to reveal changes in food consumption, the dynamics of morbidity rate associated with the nutritional factor.
Introduction. The article “Hygienic rationale for the use of specialized food products in the diet of athletes” is presented on the issue of the hygienic justification for the use of specialized food products of domestic and foreign production in the nutrition of athletes that promote their adaptive capabilities to physical and neuro-emotional stress and achieving high sports results that must meet hygiene safety requirements and nutritional value established in the Russian Federation by the sanitary rules and regulations and the technical regulations of the Customs Union and EurAsEC. Material and methods. Specialized food products for the nutrition of athletes are allowed for production, storage, transportation, and sale after their state registration on the basis of the results of the hygienic assessment of the quality and safety of products in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Results. The balance of nutrients, the given nutritional and energy value, allowing to carry out the metabolism with maximum directed efficiency, is the main characteristic of the products of sports nutrition. To confirm the effectiveness of protein-carbohydrate products, studies were conducted on the basis of the Moscow Region team of bodybuilding and fitness with the methodological support of the Moscow Bodybuilding Federation and Fitness Federation. Discussion. The hygienic evaluation of specialized products for nutrition of athletes is carried out within the framework of the sanitary and epidemiological expertise for compliance with regulatory requirements for the quality and safety of the current technical regulations of the Customs Union, as well as relevant regulatory legal acts. Conclusion. It is necessary to further improve the regulatory framework governing the production, storage, transportation, sale, quality and safety of specialized food products for athletes; to development a scientific methodology for the risk management in the system of ensuring the safety and quality of food for athletes, including their analysis, identification and evaluation; the conformity of the structure of nutrition and the developed rations to physical and emotional loads of sports activities, the individual physiological characteristics of each athlete and the modes of sports training.
The article is devoted to the study of the nature of the toxic effects of a new complex organic mineral fertilizer on the organism of laboratory animals. The assessment of its toxicity and hazard has been performed with the definition of acute and subacute toxicity parameters, as well as irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, sensitizing and cumulative effects.
Introduction. Currently, the most popular in agricultural production are complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. The inclusion of trace elements in fertilizers improves plant nutrition, optimizes the effect of fertilizers. At the same time, trace elements are added to the fertilizer in the form of salts, in ionic form, most often, sulfates belonging to substances of hazard class 1-2, which can affect the toxicity of fertilizers and the safety of their production and use. To prevent a possible negative impact on human health and the environment for production, sale and use, it is necessary to conduct toxicological studies included in the state registration procedure. The aim of the study is to study the nature of the toxic effect on the body of laboratory animals (rats, rabbits, guinea pigs) of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements. Material and methods. Samples of liquid agrochemicals (preparations No. 1, No. 4, No. 5) and solid (preparations No. 2, No. 3) with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and different composition of trace elements in the form of salts were taken for research. The experimental work was performed on 90 nonlinear, sexually mature white male rats weighing 200-220 g, 30 purebred male rabbits weighing 3000-3500 g and 90 male guinea pigs weighing 350-400 g. During the work, existing methodological approaches and recommendations were used, including generally accepted informative methods of toxicological and statistical studies. Results. Based on the conducted studies, the parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity, irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, sensitizing effect of 5 samples of complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements were established. For all studied drugs, acute oral toxicity (LD50) > 5000 mg/kg body weight, acute dermal toxicity (LD50) > 2500 mg/kg body weight, mild irritating effect on the skin of rats (the average group-wide total score of the severity of the skin-irritating effect was 0.7 points for drugs No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 and 0.5 points for drugs No. 2 and No. 3), mild irritating effect on the mucous membranes rabbit eye shells (the average cumulative score of the severity of the irritating effect of samples of liquid fertilizers No. 1, No. 4, No. 5 was 1-3 points, solid fertilizers No. 2, No. 3 - 1-2 points), the absence of a sensitizing effect in guinea pigs within the standard research protocol (reactions of specific leukocyte lysis (RSLL) showed negative skin tests in guinea pigs of all experimental groups; the relative percentage of lysis did not exceed 10%). Research limitation. The definition of the hazard class was revealed in the study of the acute toxic effect of new complex chlorine-free mineral fertilizers with trace elements on the body of laboratory animals. Conclusion. Generalization of all the obtained results of experimental toxicological studies of complex chlorine-free nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with trace elements from the point of view of hygienic safety allows them to be classified as moderately dangerous substances (hazard class - 3).
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