Background: Recent studies in nondisabled individuals have demonstrated that low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve cardiometabolic health similar to moderate-intensity training (MIT) despite requiring 20% of the overall time commitment. To date, there have been no studies assessing the effects of HIIT for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with SCI. Objectives: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of low-volume HIIT vs MIT using arm crank ergometer exercise to improve body composition, cardiovascular fitness, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and blood pressure in a cohort of individuals with longstanding SCI. Methods: Participants were randomized to 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT arm crank exercise training. Aerobic capacity, muscular strength, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, and body composition were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks post training. Results: Seven individuals (6 male, 1 female; n = 3 in MIT and n = 4 in HIIT; mean age 51.3 ± 10.5 years) with longstanding SCI completed the study. The preliminary findings from this pilot study demonstrated that individuals with SCI randomized to either 6 weeks of HIIT or MIT displayed improvements in (a) insulin sensitivity, (b) cardiovascular fitness, and (c) muscular strength ( p < .05). However, MIT led to greater improvements in arm fat percent and chest press strength compared to HIIT ( p < .05). Conclusion: No differences between MIT and HIIT were observed. Both conditions led to improvements in insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and blood lipids in individuals with SCI. Future larger cohort studies are needed to determine if the shorter amount of time required from HIIT is preferable to current MIT exercise recommendations.

142-45 (1977) (finding a significant increase in the number and proportion (relative to the courts' overall docket) of tort cases heard by state supreme courts from the 1870-1900 period to the 1940-1970 period). 10. See infra Chart I. 11. See infra Chart I. This chart and all other line charts and tables within this Article Computing: Consumers, Privacy Preferences, and Market Efficiency, 70 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 341 (2013) (addressing the legal consequences, in tort law and otherwise, of burgeoning reliance on "cloud" computing and data storage).

had secured legal education a place within the research university. 1 1 This, in turn, was believed to have brought them great prestige; James Barr Ames perceived that Germany considered its law professors the "lights of the legal profession." 12 Given the differences between their respective legal systems; the distinct purposes and positions of legal education in the United States and Germany; and the differences in how American and German students were taught, for most U.S. law teachers of the era German scholars and scholarship were only modestly influential. What importance they had was derived chiefly from a vague association with refined (in the minds of some Americans, too refined) professionalism. Few American instructors drew on the methods and teachings of their foreign counterparts. 13 But there was some transatlantic intellectual pollination. A handful of American academics, concentrated at elite institutions that could afford a professor of jurisprudence were influenced by the work of Continental scholars such as Karl Savigny, Hans Kelsen and Hermann Kantorowicz.1 4 By the early 1930s, with the tensions and disappointments of World War I having dissipated somewhat, Americans had returned to studying, lecturing and serving as visiting professors in Germany.' 5 At around the same time, some American law teachers also began to identify shared interests with their colleagues in Europe.' 6 Comparative law had been forced from the American law-school curriculum in the late 19th Century as a subject "of no apparent immedi-11. See James Barr Ames, The Vocation of the Law Professor, Address Delivered at the Dedication of the New Building of the Department of Law of the University of

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

nulliparas with early AROM, however, there was a 1.35-times higher odds of neonatal morbidity in multiparas with early AROM. CONCLUSION: Early AROM < 4cm appears to decrease the duration of labor induction, but may increase the odds of cesarean delivery. Early AROM is not associated with increased maternal or neonatal morbidity in nulliparous women, however, it may increase the odds of neonatal morbidity in multiparas. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the rate of tachysystole during induction of labor and to estimate its impact on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of all women, at 37+0 to 41+6 gestational weeks, who underwent induction of labor, from 2015 to 2016 in a university-affiliated tertiary medical center. Induction of labor was done with prostaglandin E2 vaginal insert. Women were routinely followed at 12 and 24 hours post initiation of cervical ripening and at any time point if contractions or ruptured membranes were reported by the women. Electronic fetal heart rate tracings and medical records were carefully inspected and documented, to evaluate contraction frequency and fetal heart rate patterns. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were analyzed and compared between two groups -women with tachysystole (defined as > 5 contractions in 10 minutes) and those without. RESULTS: 414 met eligibility criteria, of whom 118 (28.5%) had tachysystole and 296 (71.5%) did not. Women in the tachysystole group had a shorter time to vaginal delivery: 18.5 vs. 25 hours (P<0.05). Other obstetrical and neonatal outcomes did not differ between two groups, including rates of operative vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery, as well as Apgar score and umbilical cord pH. CONCLUSION:In women undergoing induction of labor, tachysystole rate was higher than previously reported. However, our data suggests that tahcysytole does not influence maternal and neonatal outcomes, and is associated with a shorter time to delivery.